Cancer Lecture 7

Question 1

Cancer

Answer 1

diseases that have aggressive uncontrolled divison of cells
- metastatic

Question 1

Diifferences between cancer / normal cell

Answer 1

1. Cancer cells lack differentiation
2. cancer cells have abnormal nuclei
3. Unlimited replication potenial
4. Forms tumors have a lack of contact inhibition
5. No need for growth factors
6. Angiogeniss (blood supply) and metastasis ( spread)
   Cancer cells produce telomerase enzyme which repairs the damaged DNA on the telomeres.

Question 2

Angiogenesis

Answer 2

cancer cells develop blood vessels to keep alive

Question 3

Metasis

Answer 3

movement of cancer that is not directly connected

Question 4

Stages of Cancer

Answer 4

Initaion: mutation
Promotion: division
Progression: MMP Matrix metalloproteinases ( allows cells to invade other types of tissue)

Question 5

Benign and Maligant

Answer 5

Benign is good:
- Encapsulated so has membrane
- cells resemble orignal tissue’
- do not invade surrounding tissues
- no anigoggensis
malignant
- not encapsulated
- cell abnormal;
- invades tissues
- has angiogenesis

Question 6

Classifications

Answer 6

Carcinoma: epithelial tissues ( lining, skin, reprod)
Sarcoma: cancer of the muscles, connective tissues
Leukemia: blood
Lymphomas: lymphatic system. ( Hodgkin’s has a lymphocyte while non-Hodgkin’s does not)

Question 7

TNM ( cancer proggressions)

Answer 7

T: primary tissue stage invasion
N: lymph node system
M: distant metastasis

Question 8

Stage I , II, III

Answer 8

Stage 1: is localized
Stage2/3: more advanced in both areas , one area of both
Stage 4:cancer has metastasized

Question 9

Common causes:

Answer 9

heredity, radiation, age, weight, diet, most organic compounds