LYMPHATICS* CH 21 (pt 1) Flashcards
Identify 2 (/3) functions of the immune system
Fluid Recovery - Look out for and filter pathogens from excess fluid from the capillaries
Immune Surveilance - picks up foreign cells and chemicals from tissues
Lipid Absorption - Uses lacteals in the small intestines to absorb fat that is not absorbed by the capillaries
FRISLA
Lymphedema
Swelling due to interference in lymphatic drainage; could be caused by a clog or infection
Lacteal
Cells in the small intestine that absorb the fat not absorbed by the capillaries
Identify and describe the four components of the lymphoid system
Lymph - Fluid leaked out of capillaries that enter the lymphatic system
Lymphatic Vessels - Transports the lymph
Lymphoid Tissue - Grouping of lymphocytes and macrophages that populate many organs in our body
Lymphoid Organs - Organs where lymphocytes and macrophages are concentrated, surrounded by conective tissue capsules
What is the flow of lymph starting at the capillaries
Capillaries
Vessles
Trunks
Ducts
Subclavean Veins
Where are lymph capillary beds present and not present in the body
Any tissue in the body apart from:
Cartilage
Cornea
Bone
Bone Marrow
What is the purpose of intercellular clefts in the lymphatic capillaries?
Allow bacteria to enter the lymphatic capillary to attack it with the immune system
When do flaps open and close in lymphatic capillaries?
When the pressure is low they remain closed
When the pressure is high they flip open and allow fluid into the capillaries (the presence of fluid outside of the vessels)
Identify and describe the layers of lympahtic vessels from least to most superficial (inside to out)
Tunica Interna - endothelium + valves
Tunica Media - Elastic Fibers + Smooth Muscle
Tunica Externa - Thin outer layer
What do lymphatics vessels converge to form?
What do those structures converge to form?
Vessels come together to form lymphatic trunks
Lymphatic trunks come together to form the right and thoracic collecting ducts
Identify the two collecting ducts and describe the regions of the body that they each drain
Right Lymphatic Duct - Right head, Right Arm + Right throax region
Thoracic Duct - Everywhere else; Most of the body
What forces draw lymph into the subclavean veins?
Stetching and Pumping Vessels
Squeezing Skeletal Muscle
Rapid Flowing blood in the Subclavean Veins
Identify and describe the cells associated with the lymphoid system
Neutrophils - Antibacterial
Natural Killer (NK) Cells - Destroy infected host cells and cancerous cells
Macrophages - Eat unwanted material; hold + display antigens for other immune cells
Dendritic Cells - Hold + Display antigens for other immune cells
T Cells - Mature in Thymus
B Cells - Make antiBodies
Nice nancy moves downtown (for) TB
Diffuse Lymphoid Tissue vs Lymphoid Nodules
Diffuse - Scattered throughout the body and present in places open to the external environment
Nodules - Densely pact lymphocytes and macrophages spread trhoughout the body
Identify primary lymphoid organs and decribe their function
Red Bone Marrow + Thymus
This is where T and B cells learn to be active lymphocytes and are sent to secondary lymphoid organs
Identify secondary lymphoid organs and decribe their function
Lymph Nodes, Tonsils, Spleen
After leaving primary lymphoid organs they do thier job within the lymphatic system
What is the function of red bone marrow?
Create the formed elements of blood + provide immunity; Develop B Cells
What is the function of the thymus?
Develop T Cells and give them time to mature and become immunocompetent
Immunosenescence
The slow break down of the immune system leaving older people more vulnerable to infections and cancer
Identify where germinal centers are found and what occurs in them
Germinal Centers are found in the cortex of lymph nodes (outer region)
This is where B Cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells (they eventually go on to form anti Bodies)
Afferent vs Efferent Vessels of Lymph Nodes
Afferent - Go Into the node
Efferent - Exit the node
Why are there more afferent vessels going into the lymph node than there are efferent vessels exiting the lymph node?
Slows down and allows all the lymph enough time to flow through the lymph node
Lymphadenitis
Inflammation in response to foreign pathogens and antigens
Lymphadenopathy
Term used to describe lymph node diseases
