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BIO 2102 > LYMPHATICS* CH 21 (pt 1) > Flashcards

LYMPHATICS* CH 21 (pt 1) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Identify 2 (/3) functions of the immune system

A

Fluid Recovery - Look out for and filter pathogens from excess fluid from the capillaries

Immune Surveilance - picks up foreign cells and chemicals from tissues

Lipid Absorption - Uses lacteals in the small intestines to absorb fat that is not absorbed by the capillaries

FRISLA

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2
Q

Lymphedema

A

Swelling due to interference in lymphatic drainage; could be caused by a clog or infection

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3
Q

Lacteal

A

Cells in the small intestine that absorb the fat not absorbed by the capillaries

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4
Q

Identify and describe the four components of the lymphoid system

A

Lymph - Fluid leaked out of capillaries that enter the lymphatic system
Lymphatic Vessels - Transports the lymph
Lymphoid Tissue - Grouping of lymphocytes and macrophages that populate many organs in our body
Lymphoid Organs - Organs where lymphocytes and macrophages are concentrated, surrounded by conective tissue capsules

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5
Q

What is the flow of lymph starting at the capillaries

A

Capillaries
Vessles
Trunks
Ducts
Subclavean Veins

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6
Q

Where are lymph capillary beds present and not present in the body

A

Any tissue in the body apart from:
Cartilage
Cornea
Bone
Bone Marrow

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7
Q

What is the purpose of intercellular clefts in the lymphatic capillaries?

A

Allow bacteria to enter the lymphatic capillary to attack it with the immune system

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8
Q

When do flaps open and close in lymphatic capillaries?

A

When the pressure is low they remain closed
When the pressure is high they flip open and allow fluid into the capillaries (the presence of fluid outside of the vessels)

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9
Q

Identify and describe the layers of lympahtic vessels from least to most superficial (inside to out)

A

Tunica Interna - endothelium + valves
Tunica Media - Elastic Fibers + Smooth Muscle
Tunica Externa - Thin outer layer

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10
Q

What do lymphatics vessels converge to form?
What do those structures converge to form?

A

Vessels come together to form lymphatic trunks
Lymphatic trunks come together to form the right and thoracic collecting ducts

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11
Q

Identify the two collecting ducts and describe the regions of the body that they each drain

A

Right Lymphatic Duct - Right head, Right Arm + Right throax region
Thoracic Duct - Everywhere else; Most of the body

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12
Q

What forces draw lymph into the subclavean veins?

A

Stetching and Pumping Vessels
Squeezing Skeletal Muscle
Rapid Flowing blood in the Subclavean Veins

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13
Q

Identify and describe the cells associated with the lymphoid system

A

Neutrophils - Antibacterial

Natural Killer (NK) Cells - Destroy infected host cells and cancerous cells

Macrophages - Eat unwanted material; hold + display antigens for other immune cells

Dendritic Cells - Hold + Display antigens for other immune cells

T Cells - Mature in Thymus

B Cells - Make antiBodies

Nice nancy moves downtown (for) TB

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14
Q

Diffuse Lymphoid Tissue vs Lymphoid Nodules

A

Diffuse - Scattered throughout the body and present in places open to the external environment

Nodules - Densely pact lymphocytes and macrophages spread trhoughout the body

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15
Q

Identify primary lymphoid organs and decribe their function

A

Red Bone Marrow + Thymus
This is where T and B cells learn to be active lymphocytes and are sent to secondary lymphoid organs

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16
Q

Identify secondary lymphoid organs and decribe their function

A

Lymph Nodes, Tonsils, Spleen
After leaving primary lymphoid organs they do thier job within the lymphatic system

17
Q

What is the function of red bone marrow?

A

Create the formed elements of blood + provide immunity; Develop B Cells

18
Q

What is the function of the thymus?

A

Develop T Cells and give them time to mature and become immunocompetent

19
Q

Immunosenescence

A

The slow break down of the immune system leaving older people more vulnerable to infections and cancer

20
Q

Identify where germinal centers are found and what occurs in them

A

Germinal Centers are found in the cortex of lymph nodes (outer region)
This is where B Cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells (they eventually go on to form anti Bodies)

21
Q

Afferent vs Efferent Vessels of Lymph Nodes

A

Afferent - Go Into the node
Efferent - Exit the node

22
Q

Why are there more afferent vessels going into the lymph node than there are efferent vessels exiting the lymph node?

A

Slows down and allows all the lymph enough time to flow through the lymph node

23
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

Inflammation in response to foreign pathogens and antigens

24
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Term used to describe lymph node diseases

25
Q

Metastasis

A

When cancerous cells break free from the original tumor, travel, and establish new tumors somewhere else

26
Q

What are tonsils?
Identify the name and location the three main sets of tonsils

A

Tonsils are patches of lymphoid tissue located at the entrance of the pharynx (throat)

Pharyngeal Tonsils - Wall of the pharynx
Palatine Tonsils - Roof of the mouth
Lingual Tonsils - Below the tongue

27
Q

What are the deep pits of tonsils called? What are they composed of?

A

Tonsillar Crypts lined by lymph nodules where you find B and T cells

28
Q

Tonsilitis

A

Acute inflamation of the tonsils

29
Q

What is the body’s largest lymphoid organ?

A

Spleen

30
Q

Red vs White Pulp

A

Red Pulp - Sinus filled with erythrocytes; this is where we break down RBCs
White Pulp - Composed of lymphocytes and macrophages that destroy pathogens

31
Q

Identify and describe the four functions of the spleen

A
  • Breakdown RBC
  • Blood cell production for fetal life
  • Lymphocytes within the white pulp that destroy pathogens
  • Stabilizes blood volume
32
Q

What is it called when someones spleen is removed? Why is this dangerous?

A

Splenectomy
It leaves the person susceptible to future infections and can lead to premature death

BIO 2102 (13 decks)

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