Lymphatic System Flashcards
What are the functions of the lymphatics system?
Maintains fluid balance Filtration Phagocytosis Production of lymphocytes Production of antibodies Fat absorption from the intestinal tract Pathway for malignancy
What are the structures in the lymphatic system?
Lymph nodes Collecting ducts Lymph fluid- Lymphocytes Spleen Thymus Tonsils Adenoids Peyer patches (small intestine)
Where does the right upper body drain?
right subclavian
What drains the majority of body’s lymph?
thoracic duct via left subclavian
What is lymph movement dependent on?
venous system
Where are superficial nodes?
subcutaneous tissue
Where are deep nodes?
muscle fascia or within body cavity
Humoral immunity
Originate in bone marrow
B cells
Cell-mediated immunity
Originate in bone marrow and mature in thymus
T cells
Where is thymus located?
superior mediastinum, no function in adults life
What are tonsils composed into?
follicles and crypts, lymphoid tissues
What are pharyngeal tonsils?
adenoids
What are clusters of lymphoid cells in SI?
peyer patches
What do you inspect for lymph nodes?
Visible lymph nodes Edema Erythema Red streaks Skin lesions
What do you use to palpate lymph nodes?
2nd, 3rd, 4th finger pads
What do you note on PE?
Consistency Mobility Tenderness Size Warmth
How do you differientiate a cyst ?
will transilluminate
What divides A and P triangles of neck?
anterior border of SCM
What do you have pt do when examining tissue?
bend toward the side being examined - ease taut tissue
What is the head lymph PE?
Occipital Nodes base of skull
Postauricular nodes over mastoid process
Preauricular nodes in front of ears
Parotid and retropharyngeal nodes angle of mandible
Submandibular nodes mandible between angle and tip
Submental nodes behind mandible tip
What is the neck lymph PE?
Superficial cervical nodes at SCM
Posterior cervical nodes along anterior border trapezius
Cervical nodes deep to SCM
Supraclavicular nodes- angle formed by clavicle and SCM
Virchow nodes
What are the supraclavicular nodes called?
virchow
How do you examine axillary lymph nodes?
Pt sitting or laying
Support forearm with your contralateral arm
Examining hand-palm flat in axilla
How do you examine epitrochlear lymph nodes?
Hold pt’s wrist and relax elbow
Palpate groove in circular motion between triceps and biceps
What disease do you see epitrochlear lymph nodes?
hodgkin disease
How do you palpate inguinal lymph nodes?
Pt supine with knees slightly flexed
Superior superficial inguinal nodes closer to inguinal canals
Inferior superficial inguinal nodes deeper in the groin
Where does testes lymph drain?
abdomen
Where do penile and scrotal ssurfaces drain?
inguinal
Where do female internal genitals and pelvic drain?
pap aortic
What does lower vagina and vulva drain?
inguinal nodes
fixed hard and painless
malignancy
enlarged and tender
infection
palpable virchow
malignancy
slow enlarge over wks
benign
rapid enlarge w/o signs of infection
malignant
What is the onset of lymphedema?
gradual
An immune complex disease, Symptoms appear 7 to 10 days following use of a provoking substance, uticaria, lymphadenopathy, joint pain, fever
serum sickness
Occurs most frequently in adolescents and young adults — all races, Males are twice as likely as females to acquire, painless enlarged cervical , matted or rubbery
hodgkin’s
What are risk factors for HIV?
Heterosexual contact with homosexual or bisexual men
Multiple and indiscriminate sexual contacts
IV drug use
Blood transfusion with infected blood or blood concentrates
Diagnosis of, or been treated for, hepatitis, TB, or an STI such as syphilis
Sexual activity with IV drug users
What is a shotty lymph node?
Nodes feel like BBs or buckshot.
