Eyes Flashcards
Light focused posterior to the retina
hyperopia
light focused anterior to retina
myopia
light not focused in all directions, cornea spherical
astigmatism
decreasing near vision due to decreased ability to accomodate
presbyopia
When do you start to get presbyopia?
40
How far away is snellen chart?
20 ft
How far away is visual acuity card?
14 in
What is the first test you do?
visual acuity
What is legal blindness?
20/200
How many fields per eye in visual fields?
4 - nasal, temporal, superior, inferior
Loss of temporal fields
Caused by pituitary tumor compressing optic chiasm
bitemporal hemianopsia
loss of half visual field
hemianopsia
total loss of vision
blind eye
Visual loss in similar fields
Optic tract, optic radiation or occipital cortex1
Common after stroke
homonymous hemianopsia
Pie in the sky, lower optic radiation or lower occipital region
quadrantoanopsia
What is rhythmic motion of eye?
nystagmus
Oral, raised irregular yellow-tinted lesions on periorbital tissues
Lipid deposits representing abnormal lipid metabolism
xanthelasma
What causes periorbital edema?
thyroid, allergies, renal disease
drooping of eyelid
ptosis
inability to completely close the eye caused by thyroid disease or bells palsy
lagophthalmos
Blocked meibomian gland
chalazion
staph infection of eyelash follicle
hordeolum
Dehiscence in the sclera without inflammatory changes
scleromalacia perforans
What is seen in wilson’s disease?
Kayser-Fleischer ring - dark ring around iris
What is the most common injury of the eye?
corneal abrasion
When patient looks downward, deforms the lower lid due to it’s pointy shape
munson’s sign
cornea protrudes as cone
keratoconus
What do you use with slit lamp?
proparacaine and fluorescein
What causes blephritis?
Bacterial infection Seborrhea Psoriasis Allergic response Rosacea manifestation
excessive tearing
epiphora
inflammation of lacrimal duct
dacryocysitis
Is subconjunctival hemorrhage dangerous?
no, due to coughing, sneezing, vomiting
Whitish-yellow, triangular nodular growth on bulbar conjunctiva near the limbus
pinguecula
ascular growth on bulbar conjunctiva from the medial canthus extending to the cornea
pterygium
Usually bilateral congenital tumor
Superotemporal quadrant near lateral canthus
dermolipoma
Does sclera have blood vessels?
NO
yellow sclera
jaudice/icterus
blue sclera
osteogenesis imperfect
thinning of sclera
senile hyaline plaque
Noninfectious inflammation of subconjunctiva and superficial to sclera
Benign and painless
episcleritis
Inflammation of the sclera
Related to systemic disease
Painful, bilateral with Photophobia
scleritis
Pupil
miosis
What causes miosis?
Opiate overdose Pilocarpine (glaucoma) Age Horner’s Syndrome Marcus Gunn
pupil >6mm and fails to constrict
mydriasis
What causes mydriasis?
Midbrain lesions Oculomotor injury Acute angle glaucoma Cycloplegic drops Drug abuse Cocaine
What is unequal pupils?
anisocoria
sensory network of eye
retina
When does lysozyme increase?
pregnancy
what are bilat miotic eyes?
argyll robertson pupil
What causes argyll robertson pupil?
neurosyphilis and midbrain lesions
Dilated pupil 3-6 mm
Little constriction with light and accommodation
Benign and unknown cause
Adie’s tonic pupil
Congenital gap in the iris
Can affect visual acuity and cause glare
iris coloboma
Adhesions between the cornea or lens
synechiae
How do you assess chamber depth?
shine light obliquely
How do you measure intraocular pressure?
tonometer
opacification of lens and leading cause of blindness
cataract
Thinning of the sclera allowing for outward bulging of ocular contents
staphyloma
White areas where retina and choroid is absent
colobomas
What is absent red reflex?
leukokoria
When is retinoblastoma most common?
kids
What disease has lens dislocation?
marfans
When do you not use mydriatics?
shallow anterior chamber
Which condition of the eye is associated with impaired vision?
corneal scar
