Abdomen Flashcards
What is in the RUQ?
liver, gall bladder, pylorus, duodenum, pancreas head, R kidney, hepatic flexure, ascending colon, transverse colon
What is in the LUQ?
liver left lobe, spleen, stomach, pancreas body, left kidney and adrenal gland, splenic flexure, transverse colon, descending colon
What is in the RLQ?
right kidney, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, R ovary and fallopian tube and ureter, R sperm cord, Uterus, bladder
What is in the LLQ?
left kidney, sigmoid colon, descending colon, L ovary, ureter, fallopian tube, left sperm cord, uterus, bladder
What is the 9 areas of the abdomen?
R and L hypochondrium Umbilical Epigastic Suprapubic R and L lumbar R and L inguinal
What does the alimentary tract contain?
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus
What is the function of the alimentary tract?
ingest and digest food, absorb nutrients, electrolytes and water, excrete waste products
What is peristalsis under control of?
ANS
What are the functions of the liver?
Metabolizes carbohydrates, protein and fats Bile production and secretion Fatty acid oxidations Vitamin and iron storage Produces clotting factors Produces antibodies Conjugation and excretion of hormones Detoxification
What does the gallbladder do?
bile storage
What does bile do?
maintain alkaline pH in small intestine, emulsifies fat
What are the exocrine gland in the pancreas made up of?
acinar cells - digestive
What are the endocrine gland in the pancreas made up of?
islet cells - make insulin and glucagon
What does the white pulp do in the spleen?
produce lymphocytes and monocytes
What does the red pulp in the spleen?
filtration of red blood cells
Where is the kidney?
retroperitoneal space
What does renin control?
controls aldosterone secretion
What does the kidney do?
filters blood via nephrons, renin production, EPO production, produces active form of Vit D
What are some common abdomen symptoms?
Jaundice Abdominal distention Mass Pruritus (itching) Loss of appetite Pain Indigestion Nausea and vomiting Change in bowel movements (BM) Rectal bleeding
What do you want to know about adominal pain in HPI?
Character Duration Pattern Frequency Location Distribution Time of pain Aggravating Factors --Meals --Rest --Defecation --Vascular disorders
What do you want to know about indegestion per HPI?
Feeling of fullness Heartburn Discomfort Excessive belching Faltulence Loss of appetite Severe pain Location --Localize or generalized --Radiating- arms or shoulders Food intake --Amount --Type --Timing Date of last menstrual period Onset --Time of day or night --Sudden or gradual Relief --Antacids --Rest --Activity
What do you want to ask about diarrhea per HPI?
Character --Watery --Copious --Explosive --Color --Presence *****Blood *****Mucus *****Undigested food *****Oil *****Fat Odor # of times/day Assoc Sx --Fever --Chills --Thirst --Weight loss --Abdominal pain --Crapling --Fecal incontinence --Food intake --Stressful life events --Travel history
What is something you want to ask about PMH for adomen?
GI disorders
Abdominal/ Urinary tract injury or surgery
UTI # of episodes and treatment
Major illness
Blood transfusions
Immunizations (Hep A & B)
Cancer- colorectral, breast, ovarian, endometrial
What are the risk factors for colon cancer?
Age >50 FH- Colon CA; adenomatous polyps PMH- colon CA, polyps or inflammatory bowel disease PMH- ovarian or endometrial CA AA Ethnic Background: Jewish, Eastern European descent Diet: low-fiber, high in red meat/processed meat, low F&V intake Obesity Cigarette smoking Lack of regular physical activity Heavy alcohol use Type 2 Diabetes
