Breast Flashcards
What meds can cause nipple discharge?
OCP, hormones, phenothiazine, digitalis, diuretics, steroids
What are important gene infor>
BRCA 1 or BRCA 2
Inflammation and infection of the breast tissue
Mastitis
Benign tumors of the subareolar ducts that produce nipple discharge
Intraductal Papillomas and Papillomatosis
Benign condition of the subareolar ducts that produces nipple discharge
Duct ectasia
Lactation not associated with childbearing
galactorrhea
What is paget disease?
surface manifestations of underlying ductal carcinoma
Benign breast lump occurs as inflammatory response to local injury
fat necrosis
What do you need to document on breast masses?
Location: clock positions and distance from nipple
Size (in centimeters): length, width, thickness
Shape: round, discoid, lobular, stellate, regular or irregular
Consistency: firm, soft, hard
Tenderness
Mobility: movable (in what directions) or fixed to overlying skin or subadjacent fascia
Borders: discrete or poorly defined
Retraction: presence or absence of dimpling; altered contour
Benign fluid-filled cyst formation caused by ductal enlargement
fibrocystic changes
Benign tumors composed of stromal and epithelial elements that represent a hyperplastic or proliferative process in a single terminal ductal unit
fibroadenoma
20-49 yo
fibrocystic
15-55 yo
fibroadenoma
30-80 yo
cancer
What is the occurance of fibroadenoma?
bilat
What is the occurance of fibrocystic?
bilat
What is the occurence of cancer?
unilat
What is mobile and what is immobile?
mobile - FC, FA
nonmobile - CA
What mass varies with menses?
fibrocystic
What one is single and one multiple?
sing or mulp - FC
single, may mulp - FA
single - CA
Which mass is tender?
Fibrocystic
After menopause, the tumors often regress.
fibroadenoma
How do you do a mastectomy exam?
Palpate the surgical scar with two fingers, using small, circular motions to assess for swelling, lumps, thickening, or tenderness.
What does unilateral nipple inversion mean?
malignancy
What is thelarche?
first signs of puberty in girls
What is staging for sex maturation?
tanner
What is the interval from breast buds to menarche?
2 years
What are nonmodifiable risk factors for breast cancer?
increase age female BRCA1 or BRCA2 personal hx of breast cancer fx of breast cancer previous breast biopsy race - white women previous breast radiation menarch before 12 menopause after 55 DES therapty
What are modifiable risk factors of breast CA?
childbirth - nulli or >30 yo Hormone therapy after meno ETOH obestity and high fat lack of physical activity
Who gets a CBE?
40 - annually
Who gets a mammogram?
> 40 annually
50-74 yo biennial
75 yo NA
Who gets MRI?
Known BRCA mutation or untested but have a first-degree relative with a BRCA mutation
Greater than 20% lifetime risk based primarily on family history
Prior mantle radiation
also gets mammogram every year
75% of women are menstrating by which tanner stage?
4
How do you observe males in PE?
arms hanging at sides
What can cause breast enlargement in men?
testicular cancer, klinefelter, hyperthyroidism
When is menopause and what is the definition?
50-52, 1 yr with out a period
