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patient assessment > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is closed during systole?

A

M and T

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2
Q

What is closed during diastole?

A

A and P

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3
Q

What gives the S1 sound?

A

M and T closing

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4
Q

What gives S2 sound?

A

A and P closing

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5
Q

When is S3 heard?

A

during filling of ventricles (beginning)

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6
Q

When is s4 heard?

A

atrial contraction at end of diastole

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7
Q

What is the electrical pathway of the heart?

A

SA nodes –> AV node –> R and L bundle branches –> purkinje fibers

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8
Q

Where are baroreceptors that monitor blood pressure located?

A

aortic arch and carotid sinus

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9
Q

Where is the location of angina?

A

retrosternal, diffuse

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10
Q

What is the radiation of angina?

A

left arm, jaw and back

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11
Q

What is the description of angina?

A

aching, dull, pressing, squeezing

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12
Q

What is the intensity of angina?

A

mild to severe

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13
Q

what is the duration of angina?

A

minutes

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14
Q

What is angina preciptated by?

A

effort, emotion, eating, cold

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15
Q

How is angina relieved?

A

rest, nitroglycerin

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16
Q

What are characteristics of non angina?

A 
location - left inframammary, localized
radiation - right arm
description - sharp, shooting, cuttin
intensity - excruciating,
duration - s , hr, days
precipitated - resp, posture, motion
relief - nonspecfic
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17
Q

Substernal; provoked by effort, emotion, eating; relieved by rest and/or nitroglycerin; often accompanied by diaphoresis, occasionally by nausea

A

Cardiac

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18
Q

Precipitated by breathing or coughing; usually described as sharp; present during respiration; absent when breath held

A

Pleural

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19
Q

Burning, substernal, occasional radiation to the shoulder; nocturnal occurrence, usually when lying flat; relief with food, antacids, sometimes nitroglycerin

A

Esophageal

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20
Q

Almost always infradiaphragmatic and epigastric; nocturnal occurrence and daytime attacks relieved by food; unrelated to activity

A

peptic ulcer

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21
Q

Usually under right scapula, prolonged in duration; often occurring after eating; will trigger angina more often than mimic it

A

biliary

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22
Q

Usually lasts for hours; local tenderness and/or pain with movement

A

arthritis/bursitis

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23
Q

Associated with injury; provoked by activity, persists after activity; painful on palpation and/or movement

A

Cervical

24
Q

Intensified or provoked by movement, particularly twisting or costochondral bending; long-lasting; often associated with focal tenderness

A

MSK

25
Q

Associated with/after anxiety; poorly described; located in intramammary region

A

emotional

26
Q

What is pathognomonic for familial hypercholesterolema?

A

xanthomata - hard yellow mass over extensors

27
Q

Where is PMI?

A

5th MC ICS

28
Q

What is fine palpable rushing vibration?

A

thrill

29
Q

What are unexpected findings on papitation?

A

heaves and lifts

30
Q

Where is aortic?

A

R 2nd IC

31
Q

Where is pulmonic?

A

L 2nd IC

32
Q

Where is second pulmonic?

A

L 3rd IC

33
Q

Where is tricuspid?

A

L 4th IC

34
Q

Where is mitral?

A

5ICS - MCL

35
Q

Where is base of heart?

A

2nd IC

36
Q

What is the most posterior portion of the heart?

A

left ventricle

37
Q

Where is normal S1 good to hear?

A

apex

38
Q

Where is split S1 heard?

A

tricuspid

39
Q

Where is S2 best heard?

A

A or P

40
Q

Where is split S2 best heard?

A

P

41
Q

What causes S1 to increase?

A

increase blood velocity or stenosis

42
Q

When is S1 decreased?

A

HTN, disease MV, obscuration

43
Q

When is S2 increased?

A

Systemic HTN, exercise, excitement
AV syphilis
Pulm HTN, MS, CHF

44
Q

When is S2 decreased?

A 
Hypotension
Valve disease
Aortic stenosis 
Pulmonic stenosis 
Obscuration
45
Q

When do you hear S3?

A

kids, YA, last trimester of preg

46
Q

When is s3 bad?

A

over 40

47
Q

What does s3 sound like?

A

ken tuck y

48
Q

What does S4 mean?

A

HTN, CAD, AS, CMP, pulm HTN, PV stenosis

49
Q

inflammation of pericardial sac, roughens parietal and visceral surfaces. May overlie normal cardiac sounds, or be difficult to distinguish from murmur.

A

pericardial friction rub

50
Q

congenital opening persists between aortal and pulmonary artery
Continuous murmur, loudest in late systole. Harsh, medium pitch.

A

patent ductus arteriosus

51
Q

benign, from turbulence of blood in the jugular veins (common in children)
Continuous murmur w/o a silent interval; loudest in diastole. Humming, roaring, low pitch.

A

venous hum

52
Q

What does ejection sound indicate?

A

CVD

53
Q

What does a systolic click mean?

A

MV prolapse, more common in women

54
Q

What are normal changes in the heart during pregnancy?

A

increased thickness and mass of left ventricle

55
Q

When is apical impulse most visible?

A

upright

56
Q

Where do you percuss for heart size?

A

anterior axillary line

57
Q

What is the best way to listen to diastolic?

A

LLD

patient assessment (23 decks)

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