Lymphatic System

Question 1

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

removes excess fluid from body tissue (outside of capillaries)
absorbs and transports of fatty acids
development and activation of immune cells

Question 2

What is interstitial fluid called once it enters the lymphatic system?

Answer 2

lymph

Question 3

How does interstitial fluid enter the lymphatic capillary?

Answer 3

Through an opening in the capillary

Question 4

What do lymphatic capillaries contain to prevent backflow of lymph?

Answer 4

valves

Question 5

What type of tissue is the lymphatic capillary wall made of? Same as blood capillaries.

Answer 5

thin layer of simple squamous epithelium

Question 6

what is the path of lymph in the lymphatic system?

Answer 6

lymphatic capillaries –> lymphatic vessels –> lymph nodes –> lymph trunks –> drain to lymphatic ducts –> subclavian veins and ultimately superior vena cava

Question 7

what are the two major ducts in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 7

thoracic duct
right lymphatic duct

Question 8

What areas of the body does the right lymphatic duct drain?

Answer 8

right side of head face
right side thoracic cavity
right upper extremity

Question 9

what does thoracic duct drain?

Answer 9

left side of head
left thoracic cavity
abdominal cavity
left side of body
lower extremeties

Question 10

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain?

Answer 10

right subclavian vein into superior vena cava

Question 11

where does thoracic duct drain?

Answer 11

left subclavian vein into superior vena cava

Question 12

What are the 5 ways lymph transport is propelled? Similar to venous blood transport.

Answer 12

milking of skeletal muscle
thoracic breathing
valves prevent backflow
nearby arteries pulse and can push fluid
contractions of smooth muscle cells in larger lymphatic ducts

Question 13

What are the two primary lymphatic organs?

Answer 13

red bone marrow
thymus

Question 14

Where are lymphocytes developed? primary or secondary lymphatic tissue?

Answer 14

primary

Question 15

Which cells are formed and become immunocompetent in the red bone marrow?

Answer 15

b-cells

Question 16

Which cells mature in the thymus and become immunocompetent?

Answer 16

t-cells

Question 17

Where are t-cells and b-cells created?

Answer 17

red bone marrow

Question 18

Where is the thymus located?

Answer 18

in the mediastinum above the pericardium/heart and between the lungs

Question 19

What are the secondary lymphatic organs?

Answer 19

lymph nodes
spleen
lymphatic nodules

Question 20

Where do developed lymphocytes hang out?

Answer 20

lymph nodes

Question 21

In the lymphatic path, where do pathogens come in contact lymphocytes?

Answer 21

lymph node

Question 22

Are lymph nodes found near the body surface or deeper?

Answer 22

body surface

Question 23

where in the body do you find large clusters of lymph nodes?

Answer 23

inguinal, axillary, cervical

Question 24

What cells are found in lymph nodes?

Answer 24

T-cells
B-cell
phagocytes

Question 25

What type of vessel does lymph flow through to enter the lymph node?

Answer 25

afferent lymphatic vessel

Question 26

what type of vessel does lymph exit through the lymph node?

Answer 26

efferent lymphatic vessel

Question 27

why are there more afferent than efferent lymphatic vessels leading to the lymph node?

Answer 27

less exit options give the lymph more time to be processed in the lymph node before exiting the node and returning to the blood

Question 28

What is the largest lymphatic organ?

Answer 28

spleen

Question 29

where is the spleen located?

Answer 29

above and behind stomach on left side just under ribs

Question 30

do the spleen and the thymus have an outter capsule that protect the inside?

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

What happens at the hilum on the spleen? and what are vein and artery called here?

Answer 31

where the blood comes in and out
splenic artery brings blood in
splenic vein brings blood out

Question 32

What is most of the tissue of the spleen for?

Answer 32

breaks down old red blood cells
removes debris

Question 33

is the spleen kind of like a large lymphnode that identifies antigens and acts on them?

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

What are the two types of tissue inside the spleen?

Answer 34

white pulp
red pulp

Question 35

what happens in the spleen white pulp?

Answer 35

immune surveillance

Question 36

what happens in the red pulp of the spleen?

Answer 36

breakdown and recycle of red blood cells

Question 37

is the white pulp or red pulp more abundant in the spleen?

Answer 37

red

Question 38

Where are the splenic cords and sinusoids located within the spleen?

Answer 38

red pulp

Question 39

What are characteristics of lymphoid tissue around the body?

Answer 39

lymphocytes proliferate
surveillance for pathogens
mostly made of reticular connective tissue

Question 40

What are the two main types of lymphoid tissue?

Answer 40

diffuse lymphoid tissue
lymphoid follicles

Question 41

What are lymphatic nodules (not lymph nodes)?

Answer 41

masses of lymphatic tissue not surrounded by a capsule located along mucous membranes

Question 42

What is masses of lymphatic tissue that are not surrounded by a capsule are located throughout the body for?

Answer 42

for any pathogens, bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites that have penetrated through mucous membranes

Question 43

What is another name for loose lymphatic tissue? (the lymphatic nodules)

Answer 43

MALT
mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue

Question 44

Where is MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) located in general and where are the specific largest collections?

Answer 44

mucous membranes throughout the body

tonsils, peyer’s patches (along digestive tract), appendix

Question 45

What does MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) do?

Answer 45

protects from pathogens

Question 46

What makes MALT different than lymph nodes?

Answer 46

they do not have a capsule surround them and protecting them

they are clusters of tissue around the body

Question 47

What is the difference between lymph and interstitial fluid?