Innate Immunity

Question 1

What are the two types of immunity? Which is specific, which is nonspecific?

Answer 1

innate (nonspecific)
adaptive (specific)

Question 2

Which type of immunity are we born with that have a generalized type of protection against invasion?

Answer 2

innate

Question 3

which type of immunity is specific and creates memory for future infections?

Answer 3

adaptive

Question 4

What line of defense is a physical barrier/membranes like skin and mucous membranes?

Answer 4

primary

Question 5

If something penetrates our system, what line of defense has antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, NK cells, inflammation, and inhibits spread of invaders?

Answer 5

second line of defense

Question 6

What is the third line of defense in immunity that involves humoral (b cells) and cellular (t cells) immunity?

Answer 6

adaptive defense system

Question 7

Which type of immunity in the adaptive defense system has B cells and effects extracellular fluid?

Answer 7

humoral immunity

Question 8

Which type of immunity in the adaptive defense system has T cells and effects intracellular fluid?

Answer 8

cellular immunity

Question 9

What line of innate defense are the acidity of skin, lysozyme of saliva, lacriminal fluid, defensins (antimicrobial peptides), lipids in sebum, dermacidin in sweath, gastric juice, hairs/cilia in respiratory system?

Answer 9

first line of defense including physical and chemical barriers

Question 10

Which innate line of defense includes phagocytes, NK (natural killer) cells, antimicrobial proteins, interferons, complement proteins, fever, inflammatory response?

Answer 10

secondary defense

Question 11

Which lymphocyte cell as a part of the secondary line of defense in innate (nonspecific) immunity is good at inducing apoptosis in cells with foreign proteins on surface (not specific cells or specific invaders). They also secrete chemicals that induce inflammatory response.

Answer 11

NK (natural killer cell)

Question 12

What phagocytes are found in the secondary line of defense in the innate (nonspecific) immunity?

Answer 12

netrophils
macrophages

Question 13

Which phagocytes found in innate (nonspecific) immunity are first on the scene, are most abundant, and die fighting?

Answer 13

neutrophils

Question 14

which phagocytes in innate (nonspecific) immunity develop from monocytes, are large, and permanent?

Answer 14

macrophage

Question 15

What type of immune response serves as a bridge between innate and adaptive immune systems? Can alert adaptive immune system.

Answer 15

inflammation

Question 16

What are these signs of?
redness, heat, swelling, pain, impairment of function

Answer 16

inflammation

Question 17

What are chemical signals that trigger the inflammatory response?

Answer 17

cytokines

Question 18

What are the following examples of: kinins, prostaglandins, and complement proteins?

Answer 18

cytokines

Question 19

What is hyperemia and how is it induced?

Answer 19

dilation of arterioles, increased bloodflow, caused by inflammatory chemicals (cytokines)

Question 20

What is it called when cytokines act to attract other white blood cells (leukocytes)? They leave a trail of chemical for leukocytes to follow.

Answer 20

chemotaxis

Question 21

When an infection happens, which comes first, neutrophils or macrophages?

Answer 21

neutrophils

Question 22

What is lekocytosis attracted by?

Answer 22

chemotaxis

Question 23

4 What are the steps involved in the mobiliation of leukocytes/neutrophils once an inflammation is detected?

Answer 23

1. leukocytosis (increase # of leukocytes in area)
2. margination (develop sticky surface and cling to walls of blood vessel)
3. diapedesis (neutrophils squeeze themselves through capillary endothelium)
4. chemotaxis (neutrophils follow chemical trail to site of infection)

Question 24

What are two antimicrobial proteins that attack microorganisms or hinder microorganisms ability to reproduce?

Answer 24

interferons
complement proteins

Question 25

What is secreted when a cell is infected by a virus and warns neighboring cells to protect from a virus? Can attract NK to the area to kill any other cells showing signs of infection. What is their abbreviation?

Answer 25

Interferon
IFNs

Question 26

What is the system when inactive proteins in the blood are activated when certain stimuli occur which sets off a whole cascade of chemical reactions?

Answer 26

compelement system

Question 27

Do our own cells constantly inhibit complement from starting?

Answer 27

yes

Question 28

What is the term for the complement system killsing bacteria and other cell types?

Answer 28

cell lysis

Question 29

Does the complement system enhance both adapative and innate defenses?

Answer 29

yes