Innate Immunity Flashcards
What are the two types of immunity? Which is specific, which is nonspecific?
innate (nonspecific)
adaptive (specific)
Which type of immunity are we born with that have a generalized type of protection against invasion?
innate
which type of immunity is specific and creates memory for future infections?
adaptive
What line of defense is a physical barrier/membranes like skin and mucous membranes?
primary
If something penetrates our system, what line of defense has antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, NK cells, inflammation, and inhibits spread of invaders?
second line of defense
What is the third line of defense in immunity that involves humoral (b cells) and cellular (t cells) immunity?
adaptive defense system
Which type of immunity in the adaptive defense system has B cells and effects extracellular fluid?
humoral immunity
Which type of immunity in the adaptive defense system has T cells and effects intracellular fluid?
cellular immunity
What line of innate defense are the acidity of skin, lysozyme of saliva, lacriminal fluid, defensins (antimicrobial peptides), lipids in sebum, dermacidin in sweath, gastric juice, hairs/cilia in respiratory system?
first line of defense including physical and chemical barriers
Which innate line of defense includes phagocytes, NK (natural killer) cells, antimicrobial proteins, interferons, complement proteins, fever, inflammatory response?
secondary defense
Which lymphocyte cell as a part of the secondary line of defense in innate (nonspecific) immunity is good at inducing apoptosis in cells with foreign proteins on surface (not specific cells or specific invaders). They also secrete chemicals that induce inflammatory response.
NK (natural killer cell)
What phagocytes are found in the secondary line of defense in the innate (nonspecific) immunity?
netrophils
macrophages
Which phagocytes found in innate (nonspecific) immunity are first on the scene, are most abundant, and die fighting?
neutrophils
which phagocytes in innate (nonspecific) immunity develop from monocytes, are large, and permanent?
macrophage
What type of immune response serves as a bridge between innate and adaptive immune systems? Can alert adaptive immune system.
inflammation
What are these signs of?
redness, heat, swelling, pain, impairment of function
inflammation
What are chemical signals that trigger the inflammatory response?
cytokines
What are the following examples of: kinins, prostaglandins, and complement proteins?
cytokines
What is hyperemia and how is it induced?
dilation of arterioles, increased bloodflow, caused by inflammatory chemicals (cytokines)
What is it called when cytokines act to attract other white blood cells (leukocytes)? They leave a trail of chemical for leukocytes to follow.
chemotaxis
When an infection happens, which comes first, neutrophils or macrophages?
neutrophils
What is lekocytosis attracted by?
chemotaxis
4 What are the steps involved in the mobiliation of leukocytes/neutrophils once an inflammation is detected?
- leukocytosis (increase # of leukocytes in area)
- margination (develop sticky surface and cling to walls of blood vessel)
- diapedesis (neutrophils squeeze themselves through capillary endothelium)
- chemotaxis (neutrophils follow chemical trail to site of infection)
What are two antimicrobial proteins that attack microorganisms or hinder microorganisms ability to reproduce?
interferons
complement proteins
