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Anatomy Archives > Chapter 9 Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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3
Q

what is the function of the central nervous system?

A

control center

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4
Q

what does the peripheral nervous system do?

A

communicate between CNS and rest of body

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5
Q

What is the division of the nervous system called where information comes in?

A

sensory

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6
Q

what is the division of the nervous system called where information goes out?

A

motor nervous system

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7
Q

What two types of cells make up nervous tissue?

A

neurons
neuroglia (glial)

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8
Q

what do the neurons do?

A

transmit the action potential

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9
Q

what do the neuroglia (glial) cells do?

A

support the neuron

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10
Q

what is a nerve made up of?
many what?

A

neurons

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11
Q

name the pink highlighted region

A

soma (cell body)

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12
Q

name the pink highlighted region
what does it do?

A

dendrites
signals received from other sources

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13
Q

name the pink highlighted region

A

axon

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14
Q

in order, name the parts of the neuron where the action potential travels

A

dendrite to soma to axon

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15
Q

name the pink highlighted region
what happens here?

A

axon terminals (synaptic knobs)
where cell communicates with other material

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16
Q

name the pink highlighted region
what happens here?

A

axon hillock (trigger zone)
the action potential begins

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17
Q

Where do the sensory (afferent) neurons carry information to?

A

into the brain or spinal cord

18
Q

where do motor (efferent) neurons carry information to?

A

out to muscles and glands

19
Q

Where are interneurons (association) located and where do they carry information to?

A

located in peripheral nervous system between sensory & motor pathways

20
Q

Which neuron makes up 90% of our neurons?

A

interneurons

21
Q

Are neuroglia (glial cells) electrically excitable?

A

no

22
Q

Do neurons or neuroglia multiply and divide by mitosis?

A

neuroglia

23
Q

Name the pink highlighted region (what kind of neuroglia is it?)
which nervous system?
what does it do?

A

oligodendrocyte
central
myelantes (wrap around) neurons

24
Q

name the pink highlighted section
what does it do?

A

microglial
phagocytes (macrophage) fights infection

25
Q

which neuroglia cells myelanate in the peripheral nervous system?

A

schwann cells

26
Q

what are the names for the two neurons involved in a synapse?

A

presynaptic neuron
postsynaptic neuron

27
Q

what is a ligand-gated channel?

A

only opens when something binds to it

28
Q

what happens during depolarization in the cell?

A

the negative charge becomes less negative and becomes prepared for an action potential

29
Q

what happens during hyper polarization in the cell?

A

the negative charge is more negative than resting potential and is not ready to receive action potential stimuli

30
Q

What is a depolarizing postsynaptic graded potential called?

A

EPSP
excitatory postsynaptic potential

31
Q

What is a hyperpolarizing postsynaptic graded potential called?

A

IPSP
inhibitory postynaptic potential

32
Q

What is graded temporal summation?

A

multiple excitatory stimuli firing one right after the other that added together create enough charge for action potential

33
Q

what happens if i have an excitatory synapse and inhibatory synapse at the same time?

what type of graded potential summation is this called?

A

they cancel out and never reach threshold for action potential

spacial summation of IPSP and EPSP

34
Q

what is the action potential threshold charge for the action potential to take place?

A

-55

35
Q

what is the sequence of action potential?

A
  • stimulus
  • threshold reached
  • action potential
  • depolarization (Na+ ions in) making positive charge in cell
  • repolarization (K+ ions out)
  • brief period of hyperpolarization
36
Q

what is hyperpolarization called after an action potential and why does it occur?

A

called relative refractory period
to prevent action potential from going backwards

37
Q

Are sensory neurons called afferent or efferent?

A

afferent

38
Q

Are motor neurons called afferent or efferent?

A

efferent

39
Q

can each nerve contain sensory and motor neurons?

A

yes

40
Q

what happens if i have many excitatory synapses happening at at the same time all over from different nerves and the sum is enough for an action potential?

what type of graded potential summation is this called?

A

spatial summation of stimuli

41
Q

what is no summation graded potential?

A

signals that fire but not in enough quantity or closely enough together to for an action potential

Anatomy Archives (34 decks)

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