Chapter 3 Cells Flashcards
Name the three main parts of a cell
plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
Describe the plasma membrane in general terms
is a protective layer and communication center for the cell between its internal and external environment. It regulates the flow of materials in and out.
Define cytoplasm
is the space between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
what is contained in the cytoplasm
cytosol and organelles
what is cytosol and what is it also referred to
cytosol is the liquid in the cytoplasm that contains the organelles. it is also called intracellular fluid
define a nucleus and its functions
the largest organelle in the cell
is the control center
contains genetic material which controls cell structure and activities
what is the cell membrane made of
lipids and proteins
what kinds of lipids make up the plasma membrane
phospholipids
describe what phospholipids look
they are shaped like a lollipop
what are phospholipds made of
phosphates and lipds
what is water loving
hydrophilic
what is water fearing
hydrophobic
what does it mean for something to be polar and non polar
polar is hydrophilic
non polar is hydrophobic
explain the structore of a phospholipid
polarity and water
shaped like a lollip pop with a round top on the outside of the plasma membrane and a stick bottom on the inside of the plasma membrane
polar and water loving part part is the phosphate - faces the exterior of the cell
non polar and the water fearing part is the lipids - faces the interior of the cell
explain selective permeability
the plasma membrane allows some substances to move in and out of the cell but restricts others
what are two main types of proteins
Integral
Peripheral
describe an integral protein
an integral protein passes through or embeds itself in the cell membrane
describe a peripheral protein
peripheral protein stays on the outside of the plasma membrane
what are some of the functions of proteins
carriers
receptors
enzymes
cell identity
ion channels
explain what a carrier protein does
a carrier protein is an integral protein that passes through the plasma membrane to allow passages for substances
explain a cell identity marker protein
can help cells identify its own kind and detect foreigners
explain a receptor protein
receptor proteins are integral and receives signals and delivers them to the cell to cause a cellular response
explain an enzyme protein
an enzyme protein speeds up a chemical process
what is the basic framework of the plasma membrane called
lipid bilayer
what does the lipid bilayer contain
two, tail-to-tail layers that make up three types of molecules
what are the three types of molecules that make up the lipid bilayer
phospholipids
cholesterol
glycolipids
what makes up a glycolipid
a lipid attached to a carbohydrate
what does an ion channel do and what kind of protein is it
integral protein that creates a channel or passage for certain substances
what kind of fluid makes up about two-thirds of the fluid in the human body
intracellular fluid
what is the abbreviation for intracellular fluid
ICF
is the intracellular fluid of the cell also cytosol
yes
what is fluid outside of the body cells called
extracellular fluid
what is the abbreviation for extracellular fluid
ECF
what is the ECF in the microscopic spaces between the cells of tissues
interstitial fluid
what is the ECF in blood vessels called
blood plasma
what is the ECF in lymphatic vessels called
lymph