Chapter 4 Tissues

Question 1

define tissue

Answer 1

a level of organization that consists of two or more types of cells that come together for a specific structure

Question 2

what is histology

Answer 2

the study of tissues

Question 3

what are the four types of tissues

Answer 3

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

Question 4

define epithelial tissue

Answer 4

covers body surfaces
lines body cavities, hollow organs, and ducts
forms glands

Question 5

what do we look at to classify tissues

Answer 5

cells

matrix (the extracellular material)

amount of space occupied by cells vs matrix

Question 6

each different type of tissue has an embryological origin

what does that mean?

Answer 6

the cells of all types of tissues come from a very early layer of cells in the early embryo

Question 7

after sperm fertilizes egg, the cells create three layers, what are they called

Answer 7

ectoderm

mesoderm

endoderm

Question 8

what comes from ectoderm

Answer 8

the openings to the outside

epidermis

nervous system

Question 9

what comes from endoderm

Answer 9

lining epitheliel tissues of those tracts open to the outside

Question 10

what comes from mesoderm

Answer 10

connective tissue

muscular system

Question 11

what needs to happen to put tissue on a slide for observation

Answer 11

preserve it

slice it with a microtome

mount on slide with stain

Question 12

what are the two types of epithelial tissue

Answer 12

covering and lining epithelium

glandular epithelium

Question 13

what general parts of the body does the covering and lining epithelium form

Answer 13

outer covering of skin and internal organs

lines body cavities and interiors of systems that interact with the outside

Question 14

what does the glandular epithelium tissue form

Answer 14

secreting portion of glands

Question 15

list general characteristics of epithelial tissue

list four characteristics but don’t need to define them here

Answer 15

layer or layers of tightly packed cells

has an apical surface

is avascular

sits on a basement membrane

Question 16

what is the apical surface

Answer 16

the surface of the cells that is exposed to the environment

Question 17

what does it mean for tissue to be avascular

Answer 17

depends on underlying tissue for oxygen because it does not have blood vessels

Question 18

what is the basement membrane

Answer 18

basal surface of cells at the bottom of the epithelial tissue and above the connective tissue

Question 19

how is surface epithelium classified

Answer 19

by layers and shape of cells

Question 20

what are the 3 types of classifying layers of surface epithelium

Answer 20

simple
pseudostratified
stratified

Question 21

describe simple epithelium

Answer 21

a single layer of cells that all connect to the basement membrane

Question 22

describe pseudostratified epithelium

Answer 22

a single layer of cells that all connect to the basement membrane, but the cells may be odd in shape

Question 23

describe stratified epithelium

Answer 23

more than one layer of cells

Question 24

what are the four shapes of cells when identifying epithelium

Answer 24

cuboidal
squamous
columnar
transitional

Question 25

describe cuboidal epithelial cells

Answer 25

are as tall as they are wide and can be different shapes

Question 26

describe squamous epitheliel cells

Answer 26

flat in shape

Question 27

describe columnar epitheliel cells

Answer 27

taller columns in shape

Question 28

how do squamous cells function

Answer 28

they allow substances to pass through them rapidly

Question 29

how do cuboidal cells function

Answer 29

secretion or absorption may have microvilli at the apical survace

Question 30

how do columnar cells function

Answer 30

protect underlying tissues apical surface may have cilia or microvilli secretion and absorption

Question 31

what is the shape of transitional cells

Answer 31

they change shape from flat to cuboidal and back to flat

Question 32

what is the function of transitional cells

Answer 32

they help in areas of expansion like the bladder

Question 33

name the four types of simple epithelium

Answer 33

simple squamous simple cuboidal simple columnar (ciliated and nonciliated) simple pseudostratified columnar

Question 34

name the four stratified types of epitheliel tissue

Answer 34

stratified squamous stratified cuboidal stratified columnar transitional (relaxed state)

Question 35

what is the function of simple squamous epithelium where is it found

Answer 35

filtration, diffusion heart/blood vessels serous membranes thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 36

what is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium where is it found

Answer 36

secretion and absorption ovaries, kidneys, eyes

Question 37

what is the function of nonciliated simple columnar epithelium where is it found

Answer 37

secretion and absorption gastrointestinal tract

Question 38

what is the function of ciliated simple columnar epithelium where is it found

Answer 38

mucus secreted by goblets traps foreign particles gathered by cilia respiratory tract

Question 39

what is the function of nonciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium where is it found

Answer 39

absorption and secretion w/out cilia or goblet ducts larger ducts of glands, male urethra

Question 40

what is the function of the ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium where is it found

Answer 40

goblets secrete mucus that traps foreign particles that the cilia sweeps away upper respiratory tract

Question 41

what is the function of stratified squamous epithelium where is it found | where is nonkeratinized and keratinized located

Answer 41

protection; first line of defense against microbes nonkeratinized lines mouth keratinized foms epidermis

Question 42

what is the function of the stratified cuboidal epithelium where is it found

Answer 42

protection limited secretion and absorption sweat glands, male urethra

Question 43

what is the function of the stratified columnar epithelium and where is it found

Answer 43

protection and secretion male urethra and large excretory ducts of some glands

Question 44

what is the function of the transitional epithelium where is it located

Answer 44

allows urinary bladder to stretch to hold urine

Question 45

what is a gland

Answer 45

single cell or group of epithelial cells for secretion

Question 46

what does an endocrine gland do

Answer 46

secretes hormones into interstitial fluid and then blood

Question 47

what are exocrine glands and what do they do

Answer 47

mucous, sweat, oil, and digestive secrete into ducts or onto a free surface

Question 48

are connective tissue widely spaced or tightly packed

Answer 48

widely spaced

Question 49

what is the matrix of connective tissue

Answer 49

all the area surrounding the tissue cells

Question 50

what are fibers and ground substance a part of in connective tissue

Answer 50

the matrix

Question 51

is connective tissue the most abundant and variable type of tissue in the body?

Answer 51

yes

Question 52

does connective tissue connect organs to each other

Answer 52

yes

Question 53

does connective tissue support and protect?

Answer 53

yes

Question 54

does connective tissue store energy and produce heat?

Answer 54

yes

Question 55

does connective tissue assist with movement and transport of materials in the body?

Answer 55

yes

Question 56

where are fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts found?

Answer 56

connective tissue

Question 57

does our connective tissue come from the mesoderm, ecoderm or endoderm?

Answer 57

mesoderm

Question 58

where are collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers found

Answer 58

connective tissue

Question 59

are collagen fibers tough or weak

Answer 59

tough

Question 60

are collagen fibers stretchy or flexible

Answer 60

flexible, they resist stretching

Question 61

list three examples of collagen fibers

Answer 61

tendons ligaments deep layer of skin

Question 62

do elastic fibers stretch and recoil?

Answer 62

yes

Question 63

what protein are elastic fibers made of

Answer 63

elastin

Question 64

are reticular fibers a type of collagen?

Answer 64

yes

Question 65

are reticular fibers stronger than collagen? why

Answer 65

yes becaues they are coated with a glycoprotein

Question 66

what are the four categories of connective tissue called

Answer 66

connective tissue proper cartilage bone blood

Question 67

what kind of connective tissue is categorized as loose and dense?

Answer 67

connective tissue proper

Question 68

what kind of connective tissue is categorized as hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic

Answer 68

cartilage

Question 69

is connective tissue proper fibrous

Answer 69

yes

Question 70

is cartilage fibrous

Answer 70

no

Question 71

what tissue is the gel-like ground substance a significant portion of

Answer 71

loose connective tissue proper

Question 72

what are areolar, retiular, and adipose tissue part of

Answer 72

loose connective tissue proper

Question 73

what connective tissue is really dense with fibers

Answer 73

dense connective tissue proper

Question 74

name two types of dense connective tissue proper

Answer 74

dense regular dense irregular