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Anatomy Archives > Chapter 4 Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

define tissue

A

a level of organization that consists of two or more types of cells that come together for a specific structure

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2
Q

what is histology

A

the study of tissues

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3
Q

what are the four types of tissues

A

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

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4
Q

define epithelial tissue

A

covers body surfaces
lines body cavities, hollow organs, and ducts
forms glands

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5
Q

what do we look at to classify tissues

A

cells

matrix (the extracellular material)

amount of space occupied by cells vs matrix

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6
Q

each different type of tissue has an embryological origin

what does that mean?

A

the cells of all types of tissues come from a very early layer of cells in the early embryo

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7
Q

after sperm fertilizes egg, the cells create three layers, what are they called

A

ectoderm

mesoderm

endoderm

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8
Q

what comes from ectoderm

A

the openings to the outside

epidermis

nervous system

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9
Q

what comes from endoderm

A

lining epitheliel tissues of those tracts open to the outside

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10
Q

what comes from mesoderm

A

connective tissue

muscular system

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11
Q

what needs to happen to put tissue on a slide for observation

A

preserve it

slice it with a microtome

mount on slide with stain

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12
Q

what are the two types of epithelial tissue

A

covering and lining epithelium

glandular epithelium

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13
Q

what general parts of the body does the covering and lining epithelium form

A

outer covering of skin and internal organs

lines body cavities and interiors of systems that interact with the outside

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14
Q

what does the glandular epithelium tissue form

A

secreting portion of glands

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15
Q

list general characteristics of epithelial tissue

list four characteristics but don’t need to define them here

A

layer or layers of tightly packed cells

has an apical surface

is avascular

sits on a basement membrane

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16
Q

what is the apical surface

A

the surface of the cells that is exposed to the environment

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17
Q

what does it mean for tissue to be avascular

A

depends on underlying tissue for oxygen because it does not have blood vessels

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18
Q

what is the basement membrane

A

basal surface of cells at the bottom of the epithelial tissue and above the connective tissue

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19
Q

how is surface epithelium classified

A

by layers and shape of cells

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20
Q

what are the 3 types of classifying layers of surface epithelium

A

simple
pseudostratified
stratified

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21
Q

describe simple epithelium

A

a single layer of cells that all connect to the basement membrane

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22
Q

describe pseudostratified epithelium

A

a single layer of cells that all connect to the basement membrane, but the cells may be odd in shape

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23
Q

describe stratified epithelium

A

more than one layer of cells

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24
Q

what are the four shapes of cells when identifying epithelium

A

cuboidal
squamous
columnar
transitional

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25
Q

describe cuboidal epithelial cells

A

are as tall as they are wide and can be different shapes

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26
Q

describe squamous epitheliel cells

A

flat in shape

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27
Q

describe columnar epitheliel cells

A

taller columns in shape

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28
Q

how do squamous cells function

A

they allow substances to pass through them rapidly

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29
Q

how do cuboidal cells function

A

secretion or absorption
may have microvilli at the apical survace

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30
Q

how do columnar cells function

A

protect underlying tissues

apical surface may have cilia or microvilli

secretion and absorption

31
Q

what is the shape of transitional cells

A

they change shape from flat to cuboidal and back to flat

32
Q

what is the function of transitional cells

A

they help in areas of expansion like the bladder

33
Q

name the four types of simple epithelium

A

simple squamous
simple cuboidal
simple columnar (ciliated and nonciliated)
simple pseudostratified columnar

34
Q

name the four stratified types of epitheliel tissue

A

stratified squamous
stratified cuboidal
stratified columnar
transitional (relaxed state)

35
Q

what is the function of simple squamous epithelium

where is it found

A

filtration, diffusion

heart/blood vessels
serous membranes thoracic and abdominal cavities

36
Q

what is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium

where is it found

A

secretion and absorption

ovaries, kidneys, eyes

37
Q

what is the function of nonciliated simple columnar epithelium

where is it found

A

secretion and absorption

gastrointestinal tract

38
Q

what is the function of ciliated simple columnar epithelium

where is it found

A

mucus secreted by goblets traps foreign particles gathered by cilia

respiratory tract

39
Q

what is the function of nonciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

where is it found

A

absorption and secretion w/out cilia or goblet ducts

larger ducts of glands, male urethra

40
Q

what is the function of the ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

where is it found

A

goblets secrete mucus that traps foreign particles that the cilia sweeps away

upper respiratory tract

41
Q

what is the function of stratified squamous epithelium

where is it found

where is nonkeratinized and keratinized located

A

protection; first line of defense against microbes

nonkeratinized lines mouth

keratinized foms epidermis

42
Q

what is the function of the stratified cuboidal epithelium

where is it found

A

protection
limited secretion and absorption

sweat glands, male urethra

43
Q

what is the function of the stratified columnar epithelium

and where is it found

A

protection and secretion

male urethra and large excretory ducts of some glands

44
Q

what is the function of the transitional epithelium

where is it located

A

allows urinary bladder to stretch to hold urine

45
Q

what is a gland

A

single cell or group of epithelial cells for secretion

46
Q

what does an endocrine gland do

A

secretes hormones into interstitial fluid and then blood

47
Q

what are exocrine glands and what do they do

A

mucous, sweat, oil, and digestive

secrete into ducts or onto a free surface

48
Q

are connective tissue widely spaced or tightly packed

A

widely spaced

49
Q

what is the matrix of connective tissue

A

all the area surrounding the tissue cells

50
Q

what are fibers and ground substance a part of in connective tissue

A

the matrix

51
Q

is connective tissue the most abundant and variable type of tissue in the body?

A

yes

52
Q

does connective tissue connect organs to each other

A

yes

53
Q

does connective tissue support and protect?

A

yes

54
Q

does connective tissue store energy and produce heat?

A

yes

55
Q

does connective tissue assist with movement and transport of materials in the body?

A

yes

56
Q

where are fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts found?

A

connective tissue

57
Q

does our connective tissue come from the mesoderm, ecoderm or endoderm?

A

mesoderm

58
Q

where are collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers found

A

connective tissue

59
Q

are collagen fibers tough or weak

A

tough

60
Q

are collagen fibers stretchy or flexible

A

flexible, they resist stretching

61
Q

list three examples of collagen fibers

A

tendons
ligaments
deep layer of skin

62
Q

do elastic fibers stretch and recoil?

A

yes

63
Q

what protein are elastic fibers made of

A

elastin

64
Q

are reticular fibers a type of collagen?

A

yes

65
Q

are reticular fibers stronger than collagen? why

A

yes becaues they are coated with a glycoprotein

66
Q

what are the four categories of connective tissue called

A

connective tissue proper
cartilage
bone
blood

67
Q

what kind of connective tissue is categorized as loose and dense?

A

connective tissue proper

68
Q

what kind of connective tissue is categorized as hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic

A

cartilage

69
Q

is connective tissue proper fibrous

A

yes

70
Q

is cartilage fibrous

A

no

71
Q

what tissue is the gel-like ground substance a significant portion of

A

loose connective tissue proper

72
Q

what are areolar, retiular, and adipose tissue part of

A

loose connective tissue proper

73
Q

what connective tissue is really dense with fibers

A

dense connective tissue proper

74
Q

name two types of dense connective tissue proper

A

dense regular
dense irregular

Anatomy Archives (34 decks)

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