Chapter 5.1 Integumentary System_Epidermis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the integumentary system?

A

protects our body from the outside
temperature regulation
converts vitamin D
communication system with the outside
maintains homeostasis

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2
Q

What are the three main layers of the skin?

A

epidermis
dermis
hypodermous

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3
Q

What are the four major types of epidermis cells?

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
intraepidermal macrophages
merkel (tactile epithelial cells)

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4
Q

What are the five layers of the epidermis?

A

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

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5
Q

What is another name for the basale layer?

A

germinativum

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6
Q

What are the three cell types in the stratum basale layer?

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
merkel cells

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7
Q

Where are keratinocytes produced?

A

bottom layer of the stratum basale

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8
Q

What are keratinocytes?

A

the main cells of the epidermis

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9
Q

What do melanocytes make?

A

make pigments of melanin

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10
Q

What does the pigment of melanin, created by the melanocytes, do?

A

creates a shield across the top of the cell that protects the nucleus from too much UV radiation while the cell is going through mitosis.

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11
Q

Where are merkle cells located in the stratum basale?

A

the base layer connected to the basement membrane

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12
Q

What do the merkle cells connect to in the basement membrane?

A

sensory nerves

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13
Q

What two types of cells are found in the stratum spinosum?

A

mostly keratinocytes and some macrophages

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14
Q

What do macrophages do in the stratum spinosum?

A

phagocytes from the bloodstream that eat up invasive substances

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15
Q

What are the macrophages in the stratum spinosum called?

A

dendritic or Langerhan

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16
Q

What is the process the cells go through in the stratum granulosum?

17
Q

What happens to the cell in apitosis

A

programmed cell death
cell dies in a controlled fashion

18
Q

Does the entire cell die in apitosis?

19
Q

How many layers thick is the stratum granulosum?

A

3-5 layers

20
Q

What is an important function of the stratum granulosum regarding glycolipid?

A

It secretes glycolipids that create a protective layer across the top of the stratum granulosum layer.

21
Q

What is the purpose of the protective layer of glycolipds across the stratum grandulosum layer?

A

Keeps water in and out of the skin
Keeps the keratonized (dead cells) separated from the cells that need nutrients from the body

22
Q

What are the characteristics of the stratum lucidum layer?

Where is it found on the body?

A

thin layer of clear compressed cells that create a waterproof layer

found in palms of hands, soles of feet

23
Q

What is found in the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis?

A

dead, keratinized cells on the surface of the skin

24
Q

Identify the pink highlighted section.

25
Identify the pink highlighted section.
melanocyte
26
Identify the pink highlighted section.
granules
27
Identify the pink highlighted section.
sensory nerve
28
Identify the pink highlighted section.
merkle cell
29
Identify the pink highlighted section.
stratum basale
30
Identify the pink highlighted section.
stratum spinosum
31
Identify the pink highlighted section.
stratum corneum
32
Identify the pink highlighted section.
stratum granulosum
33
Identify the pink highlighted section.
dead skin cells
34
Identify the pink highlighted section.
keratinocytes
35
Identify the pink highlighted section.
stratum lucidum
36
What is left after the cell dies in apitosis?
keratin
37
Do the cells in the stratum lucidum layer contain organelles or a nucleus?
no