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Anatomy Archives > Chapter 5.1 Integumentary System_Epidermis > Flashcards

Chapter 5.1 Integumentary System_Epidermis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the integumentary system?

A

protects our body from the outside
temperature regulation
converts vitamin D
communication system with the outside
maintains homeostasis

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2
Q

What are the three main layers of the skin?

A

epidermis
dermis
hypodermous

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3
Q

What are the four major types of epidermis cells?

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
intraepidermal macrophages
merkel (tactile epithelial cells)

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4
Q

What are the five layers of the epidermis?

A

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

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5
Q

What is another name for the basale layer?

A

germinativum

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6
Q

What are the three cell types in the stratum basale layer?

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
merkel cells

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7
Q

Where are keratinocytes produced?

A

bottom layer of the stratum basale

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8
Q

What are keratinocytes?

A

the main cells of the epidermis

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9
Q

What do melanocytes make?

A

make pigments of melanin

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10
Q

What does the pigment of melanin, created by the melanocytes, do?

A

creates a shield across the top of the cell that protects the nucleus from too much UV radiation while the cell is going through mitosis.

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11
Q

Where are merkle cells located in the stratum basale?

A

the base layer connected to the basement membrane

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12
Q

What do the merkle cells connect to in the basement membrane?

A

sensory nerves

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13
Q

What two types of cells are found in the stratum spinosum?

A

mostly keratinocytes and some macrophages

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14
Q

What do macrophages do in the stratum spinosum?

A

phagocytes from the bloodstream that eat up invasive substances

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15
Q

What are the macrophages in the stratum spinosum called?

A

dendritic or Langerhan

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16
Q

What is the process the cells go through in the stratum granulosum?

A

apitosis

17
Q

What happens to the cell in apitosis

A

programmed cell death
cell dies in a controlled fashion

18
Q

Does the entire cell die in apitosis?

A

No

19
Q

How many layers thick is the stratum granulosum?

A

3-5 layers

20
Q

What is an important function of the stratum granulosum regarding glycolipid?

A

It secretes glycolipids that create a protective layer across the top of the stratum granulosum layer.

21
Q

What is the purpose of the protective layer of glycolipds across the stratum grandulosum layer?

A

Keeps water in and out of the skin
Keeps the keratonized (dead cells) separated from the cells that need nutrients from the body

22
Q

What are the characteristics of the stratum lucidum layer?

Where is it found on the body?

A

thin layer of clear compressed cells that create a waterproof layer

found in palms of hands, soles of feet

23
Q

What is found in the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis?

A

dead, keratinized cells on the surface of the skin

24
Q

Identify the pink highlighted section.

A

dermis

25
Q

Identify the pink highlighted section.

A

melanocyte

26
Q

Identify the pink highlighted section.

A

granules

27
Q

Identify the pink highlighted section.

A

sensory nerve

28
Q

Identify the pink highlighted section.

A

merkle cell

29
Q

Identify the pink highlighted section.

A

stratum basale

30
Q

Identify the pink highlighted section.

A

stratum spinosum

31
Q

Identify the pink highlighted section.

A

stratum corneum

32
Q

Identify the pink highlighted section.

A

stratum granulosum

33
Q

Identify the pink highlighted section.

A

dead skin cells

34
Q

Identify the pink highlighted section.

A

keratinocytes

35
Q

Identify the pink highlighted section.

A

stratum lucidum

36
Q

What is left after the cell dies in apitosis?

A

keratin

37
Q

Do the cells in the stratum lucidum layer contain organelles or a nucleus?

A

no

Anatomy Archives (34 decks)

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