Chapter 5.1 Integumentary System_Epidermis Flashcards
What are the main functions of the integumentary system?
protects our body from the outside
temperature regulation
converts vitamin D
communication system with the outside
maintains homeostasis
What are the three main layers of the skin?
epidermis
dermis
hypodermous
What are the four major types of epidermis cells?
keratinocytes
melanocytes
intraepidermal macrophages
merkel (tactile epithelial cells)
What are the five layers of the epidermis?
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum
What is another name for the basale layer?
germinativum
What are the three cell types in the stratum basale layer?
keratinocytes
melanocytes
merkel cells
Where are keratinocytes produced?
bottom layer of the stratum basale
What are keratinocytes?
the main cells of the epidermis
What do melanocytes make?
make pigments of melanin
What does the pigment of melanin, created by the melanocytes, do?
creates a shield across the top of the cell that protects the nucleus from too much UV radiation while the cell is going through mitosis.
Where are merkle cells located in the stratum basale?
the base layer connected to the basement membrane
What do the merkle cells connect to in the basement membrane?
sensory nerves
What two types of cells are found in the stratum spinosum?
mostly keratinocytes and some macrophages
What do macrophages do in the stratum spinosum?
phagocytes from the bloodstream that eat up invasive substances
What are the macrophages in the stratum spinosum called?
dendritic or Langerhan
What is the process the cells go through in the stratum granulosum?
apitosis
What happens to the cell in apitosis
programmed cell death
cell dies in a controlled fashion
Does the entire cell die in apitosis?
No
How many layers thick is the stratum granulosum?
3-5 layers
What is an important function of the stratum granulosum regarding glycolipid?
It secretes glycolipids that create a protective layer across the top of the stratum granulosum layer.
What is the purpose of the protective layer of glycolipds across the stratum grandulosum layer?
Keeps water in and out of the skin
Keeps the keratonized (dead cells) separated from the cells that need nutrients from the body
What are the characteristics of the stratum lucidum layer?
Where is it found on the body?
thin layer of clear compressed cells that create a waterproof layer
found in palms of hands, soles of feet
What is found in the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis?
dead, keratinized cells on the surface of the skin
Identify the pink highlighted section.
dermis
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melanocyte
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granules
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sensory nerve
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merkle cell
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stratum basale
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stratum spinosum
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stratum corneum
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stratum granulosum
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dead skin cells
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keratinocytes
Identify the pink highlighted section.
stratum lucidum
What is left after the cell dies in apitosis?
keratin
Do the cells in the stratum lucidum layer contain organelles or a nucleus?
no
