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Anatomy II > Lymphatic/Respiratory > Flashcards

Lymphatic/Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Autoimmune Diseases

A

Failure of self-tolerance

Production of autoantibodies

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2
Q

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease

A

Hereditary lack of T and B cells

Vulnerability to opportunistic infection

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3
Q

AIDS

A

Invades helper T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells by tricking them to internalize viruses

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4
Q

Retrovirus

A

Reverse Transcriptase

Uses viral RNA as template to synthesize DNA

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5
Q

Functions of Respiratory System

A

Olfaction
Acid-base balance
Blood and lymph flow
Expulsion of abdominal contents

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6
Q

Airflow in Lungs

A

Bronchi–Bronchioles–Alveoli

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7
Q

Conducting Division

A

Passages serve for airflow, nostrils to bronchioles

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8
Q

Respiratory Division

A

Alveoli and distal gas-exchange regions

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9
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract

A

Organs in head, neck, nose, and larynx

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10
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract

A

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

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11
Q

Nose Functions

A

Warms, cleanses, and humidifies inhaled air
Detects odors
Resonating chamber that amplifies voice

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12
Q

Nasal Cavity

A

Extends from nostrils to choanae
Ethmoid and sphenoid bones compose the roof
Palate forms the floor

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13
Q

Vestibule

A

Dilated chamber inside ala nasi

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14
Q

Nasal Septum

A

Divides cavity into right and left chambers called nasal fossae

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15
Q

Superior, Middle, and Inferior Nasal Conchae

A

3 folds of tissue on the lateral wall of nasal fossae

Mucus membranes supported by thin scroll-like turbinate bones

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16
Q

Meatuses

A

Narrow air passage beneath each conchae

Narrowness and turbulence ensures air contacts mucus membranes

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17
Q

Mucosa

A

Traps inhaled particles

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18
Q

Cilia

A

Drives debris-laden mucus into pharynx to be swallowed

19
Q

Nosebleed

A

Spontaneous epistaxis

20
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Receives auditory tubes and contains pharyngeal tonsil

21
Q

Oropharynx

A

Space between soft palate and root of the tongue

Goes down to the hyoid bone

22
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Hyoid bone to cricoid cartilage

23
Q

Glottis

A

Superior opening of the larynx

24
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap of tissue that guards the glottis, directs food and drink to the esophagus

25
Q

Vestibular Folds of Larynx

A

Superior pair, close glottis during swallowing

26
Q

Vocal Cords

A

Produce sound

27
Q

Intrinsic Muscles

A

Rotate corniculate and arytenoid cartilages, which adducts (high pitch) or abducts (low pitch) vocal cords

28
Q

Extrinsic Muscles

A

Connect larynx to hyoid bone

Elevates the larynx during swallowing

29
Q

Trachea

A

Rigid tube 4.5in long and 2.5in in diameter
Lined with ciliated pseudostratified epithelium
Adjusts air flow by expanding or contracting

30
Q

Primary Bronchi

A

Arise from trachea

Right slightly wider

31
Q

Secondary Bronchi

A

Branches into one secondary bronchus for each lobe

32
Q

Tertiary Bronchi

A

10 on the right, 8 on the left

33
Q

Bronchioles

A

Have layer of smooth muscles

Lack cartilage

34
Q

Pulmonary Lobule

A

Portion ventilated by one bronchiole

35
Q

Terminal Bronchiole

A

Has cilia, gives off two or more respiratory bronchioles

36
Q

Respiratory Bronchioles

A

Where gas exchange occurs

37
Q

Alveolar Ducts

A

End in alveolar sacs

38
Q

Alveoli

A

Bud from respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs

39
Q

Type 1 Alveolar Cells

A

Simple squamous cells where gas exchange occurs

40
Q

Type 2 Alveolar Cells

A

Septal cells

Secrete alveolar fluid containing surfactant

41
Q

Alveolar Dust Cells

A

Wandering macrophages that remove debris

42
Q

Alveolar Membrane

A

Alveolar epithelial, basement membrane, alveolar endothelial

43
Q

Bronchial Arteries

A

Branch off of the aorta to supply oxygenated blood to lung tissue

44
Q

Venous Drainage

A

Returns all blood to the heart

Anatomy II (16 decks)

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