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Anatomy II > Lymphatic and Immune System Quiz > Flashcards

Lymphatic and Immune System Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Lymphatic System

A

Immunity
Lipid absorption
Fluid recovery

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2
Q

Organs Involved in Lymphatic System

A 
Red bone marrow
Thymus
Tonsils
Spleen
Lymph nodes
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3
Q

Lymph

A

Clear, colorless fluid, similar to plasma but much less protein

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4
Q

Lymphatic Capillaries

A

Closed at one end
Tethered to surrounding tissue by protein filaments
Endothelial cells loosely overlapped

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5
Q

Lymphatic Vessels

A

Larger ones composed on tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa

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6
Q

Route of Lymph Flow

A

Lymphatic Capillaries
Collecting Vessels
Lymphatic Trunks
Collecting Ducts (Right Lymphatic and Thoracic)

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7
Q

Mechanisms of Lymph Flow

A

Low pressure and low speed
Aided by pumps
Moved along by rhythmic contractions of lymphatic vessels

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8
Q

Lymphatic Cells (Lymphocytes)

A

Natural Killer Cells
T Lymphocytes
B Lymphocytes
Antigen Presenting Cells

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9
Q

Lymphatic Tissue

A

Aggregations of lymphocytes in mucus membranes and CT of many organs

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10
Q

Lymph Nodes

A

Bean-shaped organs located around lymphatic vessels
Cortex and medulla
Flow is in one direction
Filter lymph

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11
Q

Palatine Tonsils

A

Pair at the posterior margin of the oral cavity

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12
Q

Lingual Tonsils

A

Pair at the root of the tongue

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13
Q

Pharyngeal Tonsil

A

Single tonsil on the wall of the pharynx (adenoid)

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14
Q

Thymus Gland

A

Two lobed organ in the mediastinum

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15
Q

Spleen

A

Red pulp filled with erythrocytes
While pulp filled with lymphocytes and macrophages
Blood reservoir and filters blood

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16
Q

2nd Line of Defense

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Macrophages

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17
Q

Neutrophils

A

Phagocytize bacteria
Create a killing zone
Kills itself

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18
Q

Eosinophils

A

Found in mucus membranes

Phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes, allergens, and chemicals

19
Q

Basophils

A

Secrete chemicals to attract leukocytes

Secrete histamine, leukotrienes, heparine

20
Q

Macrophages

A

Displays foreign antigens
Secretes cytokines
Induces fever
Form outside of the circulatory system

21
Q

Interferons

A

Produced by virally infected cells

Diffuse to neighboring cells to induce synthesis of antiviral proteins

22
Q

Complement Proteins

A

Inactive proteins in blood plasma

When activated enhance immune, allergic, and inflammatory reactions

23
Q

Antiviral Effect

A

Generalized protection
Activate natural killer cells and macrophages
Destroy infected host cells

24
Q

Anticancer

A

Stimulate destruction of cancer cells

25
Q

Pathways of Complement Activation

A

Classical pathway
Alternate pathway
Leptin pathway

26
Q

Mechanisms of Action

A

Enhanced inflammation
Opsonization
Cytolysis
Phagocytosis

27
Q

Classical Pathway

A

Begins with activation of C1

Specific response

28
Q

Alternate Pathway

A

Begins with activation of C3

29
Q

Leptin Pathway

A

Binds carbohydrates on the pathogen surface

30
Q

C3A

A

Leads to inflammation

31
Q

C3B

A

Leads to immune clearance
Phagocytosis
Cytolysis

32
Q

Membrane Attack Complex

A

Complement proteins C5B to C9 form ring in plasma membrane of enemy cell causing cytolysis

33
Q

Natural Killer Cells and Phagocytes

A

NK cells kill a variety of microbes and tumor cells

Phagocytes are neutrophils and macrophages

34
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Chemotaxis
Adherence
Ingestion
Digestion and Killing

35
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Attraction to chemicals from damaged tissues, complement proteins, or microbial products

36
Q

Adherence

A

Attachment to plasma membrane of phagocyte

37
Q

Ingestion

A

Engulf by pseudopods to form phagosome

38
Q

Digestion and Killing

A

Merge with lysosome containing digestive enzymes and form lethal oxidants
Exocytosis residual body

39
Q

Inflammation

A

Defensive response to tissue injury
Limits speed of pathogens, then destroys them
Removes debris and initiates tissue repair

40
Q

Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

A

Redness (caused by increased blood flow)
Swelling (caused by increased capillary permeability and filtration)
Heat (caused by increased blood flow)
Pain (caused by inflammatory chemicals: bradykinin and prostaglandins)

41
Q

Fever

A

Promotes interferon activity
Accelerates metabolic rate and tissue repair
Inhibits pathogen reproduction

42
Q

Course of a Fever

A
  1. Infection and pyrogen secretion
  2. Hypothalamic thermostat is reset to higher set point
  3. Onset (body temperature rises)
  4. Stadium (body temperature oscillates around new set point)
  5. Infection ends, set point returns to normal
  6. Defervescence (body temperature returns to normal)
43
Q

Mobilization of Defenses

A

Bradykinin, histamine, and leukotrienes are secreted by damaged cells, basophils, and mast cells

Anatomy II (16 decks)

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