Lymphatic and Immune System Quiz

Question 1

Functions of Lymphatic System

Answer 1

Immunity
Lipid absorption
Fluid recovery

Question 2

Organs Involved in Lymphatic System

Answer 2

Red bone marrow
Thymus
Tonsils
Spleen
Lymph nodes

Question 3

Lymph

Answer 3

Clear, colorless fluid, similar to plasma but much less protein

Question 4

Lymphatic Capillaries

Answer 4

Closed at one end
Tethered to surrounding tissue by protein filaments
Endothelial cells loosely overlapped

Question 5

Lymphatic Vessels

Answer 5

Larger ones composed on tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa

Question 6

Route of Lymph Flow

Answer 6

Lymphatic Capillaries
Collecting Vessels
Lymphatic Trunks
Collecting Ducts (Right Lymphatic and Thoracic)

Question 7

Mechanisms of Lymph Flow

Answer 7

Low pressure and low speed
Aided by pumps
Moved along by rhythmic contractions of lymphatic vessels

Question 8

Lymphatic Cells (Lymphocytes)

Answer 8

Natural Killer Cells
T Lymphocytes
B Lymphocytes
Antigen Presenting Cells

Question 9

Lymphatic Tissue

Answer 9

Aggregations of lymphocytes in mucus membranes and CT of many organs

Question 10

Lymph Nodes

Answer 10

Bean-shaped organs located around lymphatic vessels
Cortex and medulla
Flow is in one direction
Filter lymph

Question 11

Palatine Tonsils

Answer 11

Pair at the posterior margin of the oral cavity

Question 12

Lingual Tonsils

Answer 12

Pair at the root of the tongue

Question 13

Pharyngeal Tonsil

Answer 13

Single tonsil on the wall of the pharynx (adenoid)

Question 14

Thymus Gland

Answer 14

Two lobed organ in the mediastinum

Question 15

Spleen

Answer 15

Red pulp filled with erythrocytes
While pulp filled with lymphocytes and macrophages
Blood reservoir and filters blood

Question 16

2nd Line of Defense

Answer 16

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Macrophages

Question 17

Neutrophils

Answer 17

Phagocytize bacteria
Create a killing zone
Kills itself

Question 18

Eosinophils

Answer 18

Found in mucus membranes

Phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes, allergens, and chemicals

Question 19

Basophils

Answer 19

Secrete chemicals to attract leukocytes

Secrete histamine, leukotrienes, heparine

Question 20

Macrophages

Answer 20

Displays foreign antigens
Secretes cytokines
Induces fever
Form outside of the circulatory system

Question 21

Interferons

Answer 21

Produced by virally infected cells

Diffuse to neighboring cells to induce synthesis of antiviral proteins

Question 22

Complement Proteins

Answer 22

Inactive proteins in blood plasma

When activated enhance immune, allergic, and inflammatory reactions

Question 23

Antiviral Effect

Answer 23

Generalized protection
Activate natural killer cells and macrophages
Destroy infected host cells

Question 24

Anticancer

Answer 24

Stimulate destruction of cancer cells

Question 25

Pathways of Complement Activation

Answer 25

Classical pathway Alternate pathway Leptin pathway

Question 26

Mechanisms of Action

Answer 26

Enhanced inflammation Opsonization Cytolysis Phagocytosis

Question 27

Classical Pathway

Answer 27

Begins with activation of C1 | Specific response

Question 28

Alternate Pathway

Answer 28

Begins with activation of C3

Question 29

Leptin Pathway

Answer 29

Binds carbohydrates on the pathogen surface

Question 30

C3A

Answer 30

Leads to inflammation

Question 31

C3B

Answer 31

Leads to immune clearance Phagocytosis Cytolysis

Question 32

Membrane Attack Complex

Answer 32

Complement proteins C5B to C9 form ring in plasma membrane of enemy cell causing cytolysis

Question 33

Natural Killer Cells and Phagocytes

Answer 33

NK cells kill a variety of microbes and tumor cells | Phagocytes are neutrophils and macrophages

Question 34

Phagocytosis

Answer 34

Chemotaxis Adherence Ingestion Digestion and Killing

Question 35

Chemotaxis

Answer 35

Attraction to chemicals from damaged tissues, complement proteins, or microbial products

Question 36

Adherence

Answer 36

Attachment to plasma membrane of phagocyte

Question 37

Ingestion

Answer 37

Engulf by pseudopods to form phagosome

Question 38

Digestion and Killing

Answer 38

Merge with lysosome containing digestive enzymes and form lethal oxidants Exocytosis residual body

Question 39

Inflammation

Answer 39

Defensive response to tissue injury Limits speed of pathogens, then destroys them Removes debris and initiates tissue repair

Question 40

Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

Answer 40

Redness (caused by increased blood flow) Swelling (caused by increased capillary permeability and filtration) Heat (caused by increased blood flow) Pain (caused by inflammatory chemicals: bradykinin and prostaglandins)

Question 41

Fever

Answer 41

Promotes interferon activity Accelerates metabolic rate and tissue repair Inhibits pathogen reproduction

Question 42

Course of a Fever

Answer 42

1. Infection and pyrogen secretion 2. Hypothalamic thermostat is reset to higher set point 3. Onset (body temperature rises) 4. Stadium (body temperature oscillates around new set point) 5. Infection ends, set point returns to normal 6. Defervescence (body temperature returns to normal)

Question 43

Mobilization of Defenses

Answer 43

Bradykinin, histamine, and leukotrienes are secreted by damaged cells, basophils, and mast cells