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Immune and lymphatic system > Lumbosacral plexus > Flashcards

Lumbosacral plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What is a rhizotomy?

A

Nerve roots can be selectively sectioned for relief of intractable pain or paralysis

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2
Q

What does a spinal nerve divide into?

A

Posterior and anterior rami

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3
Q

What is a mixed spinal nerve?

A

Posterior and anterior roots

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4
Q

What kind of nerve is the anterior root?

A

Motor - going out of the plexus

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5
Q

What kind of nerve is the posterior root?

A

Sensory - going in to the plexus

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6
Q

What is a spinal nerve?

A

Arises as rootlets from anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) horns of spinal grey matter

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7
Q

Which spinal nerves form the lumbar plexus?

A

L1 to L4

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8
Q

Which spinal nerves form the sacral plexus?

A

L4-S4

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9
Q

What connects the lumbar and sacral plexuses?

A

Lumbosacral trunk

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10
Q

What is the lumbar plexus composed of?

A

L1 to L4 anterior rami

Contribution from subcostal nerve T12

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11
Q

Which spinal nerves innervate the femoral nerve?

A

L2-L4

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12
Q

Which spinal nerves innervate the obturator nerve?

A

L2-L4

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13
Q

Which spinal nerves innervate the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

A

L2-L3

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14
Q

Which spinal nerves innervate the genitofemoral nerve?

A

L1-L2

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15
Q

Which spinal nerves innervate the ilii-inguinal nerve?

A

L1

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16
Q

Which spinal nerves innervate the Clio-hypogatric nerve?

A

L1

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17
Q

Where is the genitofemoral nerve?

A

Anterior to psoas major

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18
Q

Where is the obturator nerve?

A

Medial to psoas major

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19
Q

Where are the femoral, lateral cutaneous, ilio-inguinal and ilio-hypogastric nerves?

A

Lateral to psoas major

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20
Q

What does the femoral nerve do?

A

Innervate anterior compartment of thigh - flexes hip and extends knee

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21
Q

What does the obturator nerve do?

A

Supplies medial (adductor) compartment of thigh - flexes hip and extends knee

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22
Q

What is the lumbosacral trunk composed of?

A

Union of descending branch of L4 and anterior ramus of L5

23
Q

What is the sacral plexus formed from?

A

Anterior rami of S1 to S4 and lumbosacak trunk in posterolateral wall of lesser pelvis

24
Q

How are terminal nerves formed?

A

Anterior rami of L4 to S3 has ventral and dorsal divisions that combine with similar divisions from other levels

25
Q

Where do most branches of the sacral plexus leave the pelvis?

A

Greater sciatic foramen

26
Q

What is the reference muscle for the sacral plexus?

A

Piriformis muscle in lower pelvic cavity

27
Q

Which spinal nerves innervate the sciatic nerve?

A

L4 to S3

28
Q

Which spinal nerves innervate the superior gluteal nerve?

A

L4 to S1

29
Q

Which spinal nerves innervate. the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

L5 to S2

30
Q

Which spinal nerves innervate the pudendal nerve?

A

S2 to S4

31
Q

What does the sciatic nerve supply?

A

Posterior compartment of thigh and muscles of leg and foot

32
Q

Where is the superior gluteal nerve located?

A

Passes through greater sciatic foramen above piriformis muscle

33
Q

What does the superior gluteal nerve supply?

A

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

34
Q

Where is the inferior gluteal nerve located?

A

Passes through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis

35
Q

What does the inferior gluteal nerve supply?

A

Gluteus maximus

36
Q

What does the pudendal nerve supply?

A

Perineum and external genitalia

37
Q

What is the intervertebral foramen?

A

Opening between two vertebrae

38
Q

Characteristics of injury to lumbosacral plexus

A

Pain/weakness/loss of sensation of lower limb

39
Q

Symptoms of acute lumbosacral plexitis

A

Rapid onset of pain of thigh/hip

40
Q

Symptoms of sciatica

A

Pain of back/hip/outside leg

41
Q

What is sciatica?

A

Compression of spinal nerve root of sacral plexus due to degeneration of intervertebral disc or disc herniation

42
Q

Why does a mother feel pain in her lower limbs during child birth?

A

Fetal head compresses nerves of sacral plexus

43
Q

What is obturator nerve neurectomy?

A

Spasm of adductor muscles of thigh in spastic paraplegia can be relieved by dividing the obturator nerve

44
Q

What is piriformis syndrome?

A

Spasms of piriformis muscle and compression of sciatic nerve causing pain/numbness/tingling along leg and foot
Sciatic nerve emerges inferior to piriformis

45
Q

Why is piriformis syndrome common in sports players?

A

They use gluteal muscles frequently, resulting in atrophy

46
Q

Where should you administer an intragluteal injection?

A

Superolateral quadrant or superior to the line expanding from the posterior superior iliac spine to the superior border of the greater trochanter

47
Q

Why is it dangerous to posteriorly dislocate the hip?

A

May injure the sciatic nerve

leading to paralysis

48
Q

What is foot drop caused by?

A

Injury to sciatic nerve

49
Q

Which areas of the leg are supplied by the saphenous branch of the femoral nerve?

A

Medial side of leg, medial malleolus and hallux

50
Q

What is a lumbosacral plexus block?

A

Anaesthesia to lumbar plexus, including anterolateral and medial thigh, knee and saphenous nerve below knee

51
Q

Which parts of the leg does a sciatic nerve block numb?

A

Below knee except from area supplied by saphenous nerve

52
Q

When will the superior gluteal nerve be injured?

A

Common after hip replacement

53
Q

Symptoms of injury to superior gluteal nerve

A

Weakness of gluteus medius/minimus leading to gluteal gait
Weakness abduction in hip joint
Positive Trendelenburg sign

54
Q

Why do you lean to one side when you injure your superior gluteal nerve?

A
  • When standing on one foot, normally gluteus medius and minimus would contract to prevent pelvis tipping to unsupported side
  • If standing foot gluteus medius and minimus are weak, the pelvis tilts downwards on unsupported side
  • Individual tends to lean away from unsupported side to compensate for descend of pelvis - waddling

Immune and lymphatic system (27 decks)

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