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Immune and lymphatic system > Imaging of the lower limb > Flashcards

Imaging of the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ischial tuberosity?

A

Bony section of bum, origin of hamstrings

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2
Q

What do flakes of calcification in bones indicate?

A

Tendon pathology

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3
Q

Features of the pelvis

A 
Sacroiliac joint
Hip joint
Iliac blade
Superior pubic ramus
Inferior pubic ramus
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4
Q

What are the three compartments of the knee?

A

Medial
Lateral
Patella-femoral

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5
Q

Features of the knee

A 
Patella
Tibia
Medial/lateral tibial plateau 
Fibula head
Femur
Tibia and fibula
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6
Q

What does corticated bone indicate?

A

Old injury

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7
Q

Which bones make up the ankle joint?

A

Tibia and talus

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8
Q

What is the sub-tala joint?

A

Talus articulates with calcaneus

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9
Q

What is the talar-navicular joint?

A

Articulation between talus and navicular

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10
Q

Where is the fore foot?

A

Metatarsals onwards

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11
Q

Where is the mid foot?

A

Cuboid, navicular and cuneiform bones

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12
Q

Where is the hind foot?

A

Begins immediately below ankle

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13
Q

What are the two sesamoids?

A

Lateral and medial

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14
Q

Features of ankle

A 
Tibia
Talus
Fibular
Syndesmosis
Medial/lateral malleolus
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15
Q

Bones in foot

A 
Cuboid
Lateral/middle/medial cuneiform
Navicular
Talus
Calcaneus
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16
Q

Main arteries in pelvis?

A

Aorta
Common iliac artery
External iliac artery
Internal iliac artery

17
Q

Which three blood vessels supply the femoral head?

A

Obturator
Lateral femoral circumflex
Medial femoral circumflex

18
Q

What is an intracapsular fracture?

A

Vessels severed, head of femur replaced unless in child where cannulated screws can reattach head

19
Q

What is an extra capsular fracture?

A

Vessels haven’t been severed so head isn’t at risk - a dynamic hip screw is used to repair

20
Q

Arteries supplying femoral head

A

Branch of the obturator artery
Lateral femoral circumflex artery
Medial femoral circumflex artery

21
Q

What is trifurcation?

A

Femoral artery gives rise to anterior tibial artery, perineal artery and posterior tibial artery

22
Q

Which scan is used to visualise arterial system?

A

CT angiogram

23
Q

What are the two venous systems in the lower limb?

A

Superficial and deep

24
Q

What does DVT stand for?

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis

25
Q

Why is proximal DVT dangerous?

A

Danger of travelling up the body and patient

26
Q

What is a doppler ultrasound and how does it work?

A

Employs the ‘doppler’ effect to determine whether blood flow is toward or away the probe and its relative velocity. It is calculated by the shift in frequency of a particular sample. When the doppler shift falls in the audible range, the machine uses stereo speakers to produce pulsating sound

27
Q

What does it indicate when it is red on a doppler ultrasound?

A

Coming towards probe

28
Q

What does it indicate when it is blue on a doppler ultrasound?

A

Moving away from probe

29
Q

What is a patent blood vessel?

A

Open and blood is flowing through

30
Q

What does haziness on an x-ray indicate?

A

Stress fracture

31
Q

Why is a stress fracture difficult to see on an x-ray?

A

Initially there will be no visible fracture but it develops and becomes visible on an x-ray over time as the wound heals

32
Q

What is an insufficiency fracture?

A

Normal load, stress fractures associated with vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis

33
Q

What is a Lover’s fracture?

A

Calcaneal fracture

34
Q

What is a lipohaemarthrosis?

A

Fracture of tibial plateau, bone fracture shows fat in joint

35
Q

When should a fracture/vascular assessment be performed?

A

Before orthopaedic fixation

36
Q

What is diabetic osteomyelitis?

A

Bone is ‘eaten’ by infection

Immune and lymphatic system (27 decks)

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