Foot and ankle injuries

Question 1

Where is the leg?

Answer 1

From the knee to the ankle

Question 2

What is a foot?

Answer 2

From ankle to toes

Question 3

What is the hind foot?

Answer 3

Talus and calcaneus

Question 4

What is the mid foot?

Answer 4

Navicular, cuboid and cuneiforms

Question 5

What is the forefoot?

Answer 5

5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges

Question 6

What is the sole?

Answer 6

Plantar surface of foot

Question 7

What is the heel?

Answer 7

Posterior half of calcaneus

Question 8

What is the ball of the foot?

Answer 8

1st metatarsal and 1st proximal phalanx of 1st toe

Question 9

What terminology is used to describe the lower limb?

Answer 9

Planter vs dorsal
Distal vs proximal
Plantarflexion vs dorsiflexion
Eversion vs inversion

Question 10

What is supination of the foot?

Answer 10

Inversion of hind foot, adduction of forefoot, plantarflexion

Question 11

What is the medial malleolus made of?

Answer 11

Tibia

Question 12

What is the lateral malleolus made of?

Answer 12

Fibula

Question 13

What is the malleolar mortise?

Answer 13

Roof of ankle

Question 14

What is the sustentaculum tali?

Answer 14

Part of the calcaneus that is supporting the talus

Question 15

Which toe has no middle phalanx?

Answer 15

Big toe

Question 16

Where does the saphenous nerve come from?

Answer 16

Femoral nerve

Question 17

Where does the lateral rural nerve come from?

Answer 17

From common fibular nerve

Question 18

Where does the sural nerve come from?

Answer 18

Common fibular and tibial

Question 19

Where does the medial calcaneal nerve come from?

Answer 19

Tibial nerve

Question 20

What are the 6 nerves in the foot?

Answer 20

Saphenous
Lateral sural
Sural
Superficial fibular
Deep fibular
Medial calcaneal

Question 21

What are the 3 arteries in the foot?

Answer 21

Dorslis pedis artery
Posterior tibial artery
Terminal branch of fibular artery

Question 22

Where is the dorsalis pedis artery?

Answer 22

Between extensor hallucis longus tendon and extensor digitorum longus tendon

Question 23

Where is the posterior tibial artery?

Answer 23

Between medial malleolus and achilles tendon

Question 24

Where is the long saphenous vein?

Answer 24

Anterior of medial malleolus, lies on tibia

Question 25

Where is the short saphenous vein?

Answer 25

Superior to lateral malleolus

Question 26

What are the two veins in the foot?

Answer 26

Long/short saphenous vein

Question 27

Characteristics of the sole of the foot

Answer 27

Thick skin Pad of fat as shock absorber Divided by fibrous septa

Question 28

What is the central section of the deep fascia?

Answer 28

Palmar aponeurosis

Question 29

What are the two longitudinal arches?

Answer 29

Medial and lateral

Question 30

What is pes planus?

Answer 30

Flat foot

Question 31

How does pes planus form?

Answer 31

Medial longitudinal arch collapses

Question 32

What does the tibialis posterior muscle do?

Answer 32

Holds plantar surface of tarsal bone - acts as suspension bridge

Question 33

What are the three stapling ligaments?

Answer 33

Plantar calcaneonavicular Short plantar Long plantar

Question 34

Which type of joint is the ankle joint?

Answer 34

Hinge type of synovial joint

Question 35

Which bones participate in the ankle joint?

Answer 35

Malleolar mortise and trochlear surface

Question 36

When is the ankle more unstable?

Answer 36

Max plantarflexion

Question 37

What does the tibialis anterior do?

Answer 37

Dorsiflexion

Question 38

What does the extensor hallucis longus do?

Answer 38

Dorsiflexion

Question 39

What does the extensor digitorum Longus do?

Answer 39

Dorsiflexion

Question 40

What does the tibialis posterior do?

Answer 40

Plantarflexion

Question 41

What does the flexor digitorum longus do?

Answer 41

Plantarflexion

Question 42

What does the flexor hallucis longus do?

Answer 42

Plantarflexion

Question 43

What does the fibularis longus do?

Answer 43

Plantarflexion

Question 44

What does the fibulas brevis do?

Answer 44

Plantarflexion

Question 45

Which 3 ligaments make up the lateral collateral ankle ligament?

Answer 45

Fibula anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular

Question 46

Which muscle makes up the medial ankle ligament?

Answer 46

Deltoid

Question 47

Where does the medial collateral ligament go?

Answer 47

From tibia to calcaneus

Question 48

Consequences of wearing high heels

Answer 48

Calluses, metatarsalgia, corns, tendonitis, bunions, shortened achilles tendon, neck pain

Question 49

What is a biomalleolar fracture?

Answer 49

Fracture both malleolus

Question 50

Where is the subtalar joint?

Answer 50

Found between talus and calcaneus

Question 51

Which type of joint is the subtalar joint?

Answer 51

Plane synovial

Question 52

Which ligaments attach to the subtalar joint?

Answer 52

Medial, lateral and posterior talocalcaneal

Question 53

How do you assess a patient with a suspected ankle injury?

Answer 53

``` History taking Look Feel Move Tests ```

Question 54

What is Hallux Valgus?

Answer 54

Bunions | Vagus strain on 1st metatarsophalangeal joint

Question 55

What causes bunions?

Answer 55

Tight fitting, high heeled shoes and arthritis

Question 56

Treatment for bunions

Answer 56

More spacious shoes, reducing standing time, foot pads to relieve pressure, NSAIDs

Question 57

What is hammer toe?

Answer 57

Dorsiflex metatarsophalangeal joints | Plantarflex interphalangeal joints

Question 58

Causes of hammer toe

Answer 58

Tight fitting shoes, loss of action of lumbricals

Question 59

What do the lumbricals do?

Answer 59

Flex metatarsophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints

Question 60

Treatment for hammer toe

Answer 60

More spacious shoes, foot pads/exercises, surgery

Question 61

What is talipes equinovarus?

Answer 61

Club foot

Question 62

Characteristics of clubfoot

Answer 62

Strong plantarflexion and inversion posture | Overtightness of tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus

Question 63

Treatment for club foot

Answer 63

Stretch muscles to realign bones, plaster of Paris, force ankle towards dorsiflexion