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Immune and lymphatic system > Foot and ankle injuries > Flashcards

Foot and ankle injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the leg?

A

From the knee to the ankle

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2
Q

What is a foot?

A

From ankle to toes

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3
Q

What is the hind foot?

A

Talus and calcaneus

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4
Q

What is the mid foot?

A

Navicular, cuboid and cuneiforms

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5
Q

What is the forefoot?

A

5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges

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6
Q

What is the sole?

A

Plantar surface of foot

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7
Q

What is the heel?

A

Posterior half of calcaneus

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8
Q

What is the ball of the foot?

A

1st metatarsal and 1st proximal phalanx of 1st toe

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9
Q

What terminology is used to describe the lower limb?

A

Planter vs dorsal
Distal vs proximal
Plantarflexion vs dorsiflexion
Eversion vs inversion

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10
Q

What is supination of the foot?

A

Inversion of hind foot, adduction of forefoot, plantarflexion

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11
Q

What is the medial malleolus made of?

A

Tibia

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12
Q

What is the lateral malleolus made of?

A

Fibula

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13
Q

What is the malleolar mortise?

A

Roof of ankle

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14
Q

What is the sustentaculum tali?

A

Part of the calcaneus that is supporting the talus

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15
Q

Which toe has no middle phalanx?

A

Big toe

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16
Q

Where does the saphenous nerve come from?

A

Femoral nerve

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17
Q

Where does the lateral rural nerve come from?

A

From common fibular nerve

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18
Q

Where does the sural nerve come from?

A

Common fibular and tibial

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19
Q

Where does the medial calcaneal nerve come from?

A

Tibial nerve

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20
Q

What are the 6 nerves in the foot?

A 
Saphenous
Lateral sural
Sural
Superficial fibular
Deep fibular
Medial calcaneal
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21
Q

What are the 3 arteries in the foot?

A

Dorslis pedis artery
Posterior tibial artery
Terminal branch of fibular artery

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22
Q

Where is the dorsalis pedis artery?

A

Between extensor hallucis longus tendon and extensor digitorum longus tendon

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23
Q

Where is the posterior tibial artery?

A

Between medial malleolus and achilles tendon

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24
Q

Where is the long saphenous vein?

A

Anterior of medial malleolus, lies on tibia

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25
Q

Where is the short saphenous vein?

A

Superior to lateral malleolus

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26
Q

What are the two veins in the foot?

A

Long/short saphenous vein

27
Q

Characteristics of the sole of the foot

A

Thick skin
Pad of fat as shock absorber
Divided by fibrous septa

28
Q

What is the central section of the deep fascia?

A

Palmar aponeurosis

29
Q

What are the two longitudinal arches?

A

Medial and lateral

30
Q

What is pes planus?

31
Q

How does pes planus form?

A

Medial longitudinal arch collapses

32
Q

What does the tibialis posterior muscle do?

A

Holds plantar surface of tarsal bone - acts as suspension bridge

33
Q

What are the three stapling ligaments?

A

Plantar calcaneonavicular
Short plantar
Long plantar

34
Q

Which type of joint is the ankle joint?

A

Hinge type of synovial joint

35
Q

Which bones participate in the ankle joint?

A

Malleolar mortise and trochlear surface

36
Q

When is the ankle more unstable?

A

Max plantarflexion

37
Q

What does the tibialis anterior do?

A

Dorsiflexion

38
Q

What does the extensor hallucis longus do?

A

Dorsiflexion

39
Q

What does the extensor digitorum Longus do?

A

Dorsiflexion

40
Q

What does the tibialis posterior do?

A

Plantarflexion

41
Q

What does the flexor digitorum longus do?

A

Plantarflexion

42
Q

What does the flexor hallucis longus do?

A

Plantarflexion

43
Q

What does the fibularis longus do?

A

Plantarflexion

44
Q

What does the fibulas brevis do?

A

Plantarflexion

45
Q

Which 3 ligaments make up the lateral collateral ankle ligament?

A

Fibula anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular

46
Q

Which muscle makes up the medial ankle ligament?

47
Q

Where does the medial collateral ligament go?

A

From tibia to calcaneus

48
Q

Consequences of wearing high heels

A

Calluses, metatarsalgia, corns, tendonitis, bunions, shortened achilles tendon, neck pain

49
Q

What is a biomalleolar fracture?

A

Fracture both malleolus

50
Q

Where is the subtalar joint?

A

Found between talus and calcaneus

51
Q

Which type of joint is the subtalar joint?

A

Plane synovial

52
Q

Which ligaments attach to the subtalar joint?

A

Medial, lateral and posterior talocalcaneal

53
Q

How do you assess a patient with a suspected ankle injury?

A 
History taking
Look
Feel
Move
Tests
54
Q

What is Hallux Valgus?

A

Bunions

Vagus strain on 1st metatarsophalangeal joint

55
Q

What causes bunions?

A

Tight fitting, high heeled shoes and arthritis

56
Q

Treatment for bunions

A

More spacious shoes, reducing standing time, foot pads to relieve pressure, NSAIDs

57
Q

What is hammer toe?

A

Dorsiflex metatarsophalangeal joints

Plantarflex interphalangeal joints

58
Q

Causes of hammer toe

A

Tight fitting shoes, loss of action of lumbricals

59
Q

What do the lumbricals do?

A

Flex metatarsophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints

60
Q

Treatment for hammer toe

A

More spacious shoes, foot pads/exercises, surgery

61
Q

What is talipes equinovarus?

62
Q

Characteristics of clubfoot

A

Strong plantarflexion and inversion posture

Overtightness of tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus

63
Q

Treatment for club foot

A

Stretch muscles to realign bones, plaster of Paris, force ankle towards dorsiflexion

Immune and lymphatic system (27 decks)

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