Common fractures of upper and lower limb Flashcards
Transverse fracture
Straight across bone
Oblique fracture
Oblique line across bone
Spiral fracture
Looks like corkscrew
Comminuted fracture
More than 2 parts to fracture
Incomplete fracture
Whole complex isn’t broken
Bowing fracture
Long bone is bent
Buckle fracture
Fracture is of concave surface
Greenstick fracture
Fracture on convex side, doesn’t go completely through bone
Salter-Harris fracture
Fracture involving growth plate
Diaphysis
Shaft of bone
Metaphysis
Widening portion adjacent to growth plate
Epiphysis
End of bone adjacent to joint
Type I Salter-Harris fracture
Through growth plate
Type II Salter-harris fracture
Through growth plate and metaphysis
Type III Salter-Harris fracture
Through growth plate and epiphysis
Type IV Salter-Harris fracture
Through all 3 elements
Type V Salter-Harris fracture
Crush injury of growth plate
What does SALTER stand for?
Straight across (type I) Above (type II) Lower (type III) Through Everything (type IV) cRush (type V)
What is a displaced fracture?
Bones move apart, no longer touch
Treatment for clavicle fracture
Analgesia and collar-and-cuff, occasionally surgery
Risk factor for clavicle fracture
Osteoporosis, common young adults and older women
Complication of clavicle fracture
Brachial plexus injury (pneumothorax)
Causes of scapula fracture
FOOSH
Direct trauma to shoulder
Another name for humeral head fracture
Hill-Sachs
What is a humeral head fracture?
Posterolateral humeral head deprrssion
Which nerve is commonly affected by humeral head fracture?
Axillary