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Immune and lymphatic system > Blood, sensory and motor nerve supply of the lower limb > Flashcards

Blood, sensory and motor nerve supply of the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

Which vein takes blood from groin to external leg?

A

External iliac vein

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2
Q

What happens to the external iliac vein at the groin crease?

A

Splits into common and deep femoral artery

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3
Q

Are perineal and fibular the same thing?

A

Yes

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4
Q

What is claudication?

A

Pain/limp caused by poor blood flow to limb

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5
Q

Which arteries are used to test blood gases?

A

Femoral

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6
Q

Where do popliteal vessels stem from?

A

Popliteal fossa

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7
Q

Where can you feel pulse?

A

Tibial arteries

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8
Q

Where does the saphenous vein run?

A

Malleolus to femur

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9
Q

What are the three compartments of the thigh?

A

Quads, long saphenous vein adductors and hamstrings

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10
Q

Why are femoral shaft fractures dangerous?

A

Lose a lot of blood

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11
Q

Which muscles are in the anterior compartment?

A

Sartorius and 4 quads

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12
Q

What are the four heads of the quads?

A

Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius

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13
Q

Which nerve supplies anterior compartment?

A

Femoral

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14
Q

Which artery supplies the anterior compartment?

A

Profunda

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15
Q

What is the common femoral artery made up of?

A

Superficial and deep

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16
Q

What are compartments in the thigh separated by?

A

Fascias

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17
Q

What is a grade 1 injury?

A

Mild strain

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18
Q

What is a grade 2 injury?

A

Partial muscle tear

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19
Q

What is a grade 3 injury?

A

Severe muscle tear

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20
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Sciatic nerve

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21
Q

Which artery provides blood flow to the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Profunda femoris artery

22
Q

What does the medial compartment of the thigh do?

A

Adduction

23
Q

Which nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator

24
Q

Which artery provides blood flow to the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Profunda femoris/obturator

25
Q

What does the sciatic nerve divide into in the leg?

A

Tibial and common fibial nerves

26
Q

What causes a foot drop?

A

Squashed common peroneal nerve

27
Q

What does the posterior artery divide into in the foot?

A

Plantar arteries

28
Q

What does the anterior compartment of the leg do?

A

Dorsiflex/extension

29
Q

Which artery provides blood to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial

30
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep peroneal/fibular nerve

31
Q

Which artery supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibular

32
Q

Which nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial peroneal/fibular nerve

33
Q

What does the posterior compartment of the leg do?

A

Plantar flex

34
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

35
Q

Which artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Posterior tibial

36
Q

Why are fascias prone to increased intracompartmental pressure?

A

Infection with pus formation, inflammation, bleeding after fracture and severe burns/trauma

37
Q

How does Volksmann’s ischaemic contracture form?

A

Missed compartment syndrome in forearm following debridement

38
Q

What do the lumbar nerves L1 to L4 supply?

A

Supply lower abdominal wall, anterior and medial thigh (sensory and motor)

39
Q

What is the intervertebral foramen?

A

Hole through which nerves emerge

40
Q

What do the nerves L4 to S4 supply?

A

Buttock, lower limb, pelvis and perineum

41
Q

Which nerve is most commonly injured with a misplaced injection?

A

Sciatic

42
Q

Symptoms of nerve damage

A

Burning, pins and needles numbness, altered sensation

43
Q

What is a myotome?

A

Group of muscles innervated by same spinal nerve

44
Q

What does L2 do?

A

Hip flexion

45
Q

What does L3 do?

A

Knee extension

46
Q

What does L4 do?

A

Dorsiflexion

47
Q

What does L5 do?

A

Great toe extension

48
Q

What does S1 do?

A

Planter flexion/eversion/hip extension

49
Q

What does S2 do?

A

Knee flexion

50
Q

Symptoms of S1 weakness

A

Limp - affect calf muscles and muscle surrounding ankle

51
Q

Symptoms of L5 weakness

A

Impacts ability to lift big toe (tripping over)

52
Q

Symptoms of L4 weakness

A

Foot drop - affects muscles that lift foot

Immune and lymphatic system (27 decks)

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