Lower Limb Flashcards
lower limb
four regions with 30 bones. femoral region (thigh) femur, and patella. crural region (leg)- knee to ankle. tibia and fibula. Tarsal (tarsus) region- ankle. pedal (pes) region- foot. 7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges
femur
long, strong bone of thigh. proximal end- head for acetabulum. trochanters. distal end- condyles and epicondyles.
patella
patellar- surface for patella. patella- kneecap, inferior apex
tibia
proximal end- condyles and tuberosity. shaft of tibia (shin) is anterior border. distal end- medial malleolus
fibula
proximal end- head. distal end- lateral malleolus
tarsals
calcaneus- heel. talus- most superior. navicular. medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms, cuboid
metatarsals
numbered from 1-5, medial to lateral
phalanges
bones of toes, hallux- great toe (2 bones), three bones in all others, 2-5; proximal, middle, distal.
shoulder joint
glenohumeral joint, glenoid labrum- ring of fibrocartilage that deepens the socket. four bursae- subdeltoid, subacromial, subcoracoid, subscapular
elbow joint
two articulations; humeroulnar and humeroradial, functions as a hinge, stabilized by radical collateral and ulnar collateral ligaments, proximalradioulnarjoint is stabilized by anular ligament
hip joint
coxal joint, acetabular labrum- fibrocartilage that deepens the socket, ligaments, iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral, round ligament.
knee joint
tibiofemoral joint, functions as a hinge, lateral and medial menisci for padding, ligaments, fibular collateral and tibial collateral, anterior cruciate and posterior cruciate