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Bio-211 > CHAPTER 3 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

A

epithelium sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity

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2
Q

General forms

A

covering lining

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3
Q

General functions

A

outer layer of skin lines open cavities of eurogenital, digestive, and respiratory. covers organ walls of closed cavities

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4
Q

Special characteristics

A

glandular- secretory tissue

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5
Q

Polarity

A

2 surfaces. smooth and slick

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6
Q

Protection

A

underlying tissue from mechanical injury

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7
Q

Absorption

A

lining small intestine

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8
Q

Filtration

A

kidney

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9
Q

Excretion

A

sweat glands

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10
Q

Secretion

A

glands secrete enzymes, hormones, lubricating fluids

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11
Q

Sensory reception

A

specialized cells detect stimuli

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12
Q

Apical Surface

A

upper- free exposed to body exterior or to cavity of internal organ

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13
Q

Microvilli

A

fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane increase surface area, intestines/ kidney tubules; fuzzy brush border

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14
Q

Cilia

A

lining of trachea tiny hair like projections that propel substances along free surfaces

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15
Q

Basal surface

A

lower-attached, glycoprotein and collagen fibers lies adjacent to basal surface

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16
Q

Basal lamina

A

noncellular thin supporting sheet adhesive selective filter

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17
Q

Specialized contacts

A

tight junctions, desmosomes found between adjacent cells lateral

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18
Q

Supported by connective tissue

A

epithelial rests upon

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19
Q

Reticular lamina

A

layer of extracellular material containing a fine network of collagen fibers that belong to connective tissue

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20
Q

Basement membrane

A

formed from 2 laminae basal and reticular help resist stretching and tearing defines boundary

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21
Q

Avascular but innervated

A

no blood vessels must be nourished by diffusion from underlying connective tissue supplied by nerve fibers

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22
Q

Regeneration

A

high capacity

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23
Q

Classification

A

all have 2 names, 1st indicate number of cell layers, 2nd indicates shape of cells

24
Q

Simple epithelia

A

single layer of cells found where absorption, secretion, or filtration occurs

25
Q

Stratified epithelia

A

two or more layers of cells where cells stacked on top of each other. high abrasion where protection is important. mouth/ skin surface. shape can change with more layers.

26
Q

Squamos cells

A

flattened scale like cells

27
Q

Cuboidal cells

A

box like cells

28
Q

columnar cells

A

tall and column shaped

29
Q

simple sqaumous epithelium

A

single layer of flattened cells with disc shaped central nuclei and sparce cytoplasm the simplest of epthelia

30
Q

simple squamous epithelium- function

A

allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important, secretes lubricating substances in serosae

31
Q

simple squamous epithelium- location

A

kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood and lymphatic vessels, lining of ventral body cavity (serosae)

32
Q

Endothelium

A

specific name. lining lymphatic, blood, and heart vessels

33
Q

Mesothelium

A

serous membranes that are lining ventral body and covering its organs

34
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

single layer of cube-like cells with large spherical central nuclei

35
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium- functions

A

secretion and absorption

36
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium- location

A

kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface

37
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei, some cells bear cilia, layer may contain mucus secreting unicellar glands (goblet cells)

38
Q

simple columnar epithelium- function

A

absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances, ciliated type propels mucus(or reproductive cells) by ciliary action

39
Q

simple columnar epithelium- location

A

non-ciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal), gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands, ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus

40
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

single layer of cells differing heights, some not reaching free surface, nuclei seen at different levels, may contain mucus secreting cells and bear cilia

41
Q

Psueudostratified columnar epithelium- function

A

secretion, particularly of mucus, propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

42
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epthelium- location

A

nonciliated type in males sperm carrying ducts and ducts of large glands, ciliated variety lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract

43
Q

Stratified squamos epithelium

A

thick membrane composed of several cell layers, basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active, surface cells are flattened (squamos) In the keratinized type, the surface cells are full of keratin and dead, basal cells are active in mitosis and produce the cells of the more superficial layers

44
Q

Stratified squamos epithelium- function

A

protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion

45
Q

Stratified squamos epithelium- location

A

non keratinized type forms the moist linings of the esophogus, mouth, and vagina

46
Q

stratified squamos epithelium- location

A

forms the epidermis of skin, a dry membrane, nuclei/ living

47
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium (rare)

A

sweat, mammary glands

48
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium

A

limited distribution throughout body

49
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

resembles stratified squamos and stratified cuboidal basal cells. cuboidal or columnar surface cells dome shaped or squamos like, depending on degree of origin stretch

50
Q

Transitional epithelium- function

A

stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine

51
Q

Transitional epithelium- location

A

lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra

52
Q

Glandular epithelia

A

consist of one or more cells that make and secrete a secretion of water based fluid that usually contains proteins, lipids, or steroids

53
Q

Glandular epithelia- classification

A

according to traits, location, and number of cells

54
Q

location of glandular secretion

A

internally secreting (interstitial fluid or blood)

55
Q

endocrine

A

gland secretes hormone into blood externally onto surface or into cavity

56
Q

exocrine

A

uses duct to secrete to body surface or cavity

Bio-211 (28 decks)

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