Ch 10 Flashcards
A fascicle is bounded and defined by
the perimyseum
muscle cells must have all of the following properties
extensibility, elasticity, contractility, conductivity, excitability
if a tendon runs longitudinally throughout a muscle and fascicles insert obliquely on it along both sides, the muscle is classified as
bipennate
a muscle that holds a bone still during a particular action is called
a fixator
ach receptors are found in
junctional folds
single unit smooth muscle cells can stimulate each other because they have
gap junctions
acetylcholine is released from organelles called
synaptic vesicles
parts of the sarcoplasmic reticulum called ___ lie on each side of a T- tubule
terminal cisternae
thick myofilaments consist mainly of the ___ protein
myosin
sheets of fibrous connective tissue called ___ separate a muscle or muscle group from neighboring muscles
fasciae
muscle contains a oxygen- storage pigment called
myoglobin
skeletal muscle fibers develop by the fusion of embryonic cells called
myoblasts
which of the following muscles is the prime mover in spitting out a mouthful of liquid
buccinator
the word __ in a muscle name indicates a function related to the head
capitis
name suprahyoid muscles
mylohyoid and digastric
which muscles is an extensor of the neck
splenius capitis
all of the following muscles act on the vertebral column
iliocostalis thoracis, longissimus thoracis, spinalis thoracis, multifidus
a muscle that aids in chewing without moving the mandible
the buccinator
the prime mover of spinal extension is the
erector spinae
the ___ muscle, named for its two bellies, opens the mouth
digastric
the thyrohyoid muscle attaches to the thyroid cartilage of the ___
Larynx
The ___ muscles diverge like a V from the middle of the upper thorax to attachments behind the ears
sternocleidomastoid
the largest muscle of the upper back is
trapezius
muscle visible as small tendon between flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris and is absent in some people
palmaris longus
What are the quadriceps femoris?
vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris
the triceps surae is a muscle group composed of …
gastrocnemius, and soleus
which muscles contribute to the rotator cuff?
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, the teres minor
what actions does the trapezius perform?
extension of the neck, depression, elevation, and rotation of the scapula
name muscles that extend the hip joint
gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
both the gastrocnemius and ___ muscles insert on the heel by way of the calcaneal tendon
soleus
name muscles located in the anterior compartment of the thigh
rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vatus lateralis, sartorius
the major superficial muscle of the shoulder where injections are often given, is the ___
deltoid
if a muscle has the word hallucis in its name, it must cause movement of the ___
great toe
pronation of the forearm is achieved by two muscles, the pronator ___ just distal to the elbow and the pronator ___ near the wrist
teres, quadratus
the three large muscles on the posterior side of the thigh are collectively known by the colloquial name of ___ muscles
hamstring
the patella is embedded in the tendon of the ___
quadriceps femoris
the ___ muscle, named for its skeletal attachments, originates on the coracoid process of the scapula, ends on the humerus, and adducts the arm
coracobrachialis
the most medial adductor muscle of the thigh is the long, slender, ___
gracilis
the ___ and ___ are hip flexors that originate on the pelvis and lumbar vertebrae and converge on a shared tendon that ends on the lesser trochanter of the femur
iliacus, and psoas major
if you were to ride a horse, what muscles would you use to keep your seat?
multifidus, rectus abdominis, latissimus dorsi, iliocostalis, iliacus, psoas major
how do the gluteus medius and minimus prevent you from toppling over as you walk?
shift weight of trunk toward limb with foot on ground as other foot is lifted
what muscle is an antagonist to the biceps femoris?
quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris)
what are the two muscles that are synergists with the biceps femoris muscle?
semimembranosus, semitendinosus
are all the hamstring muscles identical in action?
yes, thigh extension and knee flexion
what is the action of the hamstring muscles?
thigh extension and knee flexion
what is the distal attachment of all the muscles of the quadriceps group?
patella, tibial tuberosity, lateral and medial condyles of tibia
how does the action of the rectus femoris differ from that of the other quadriceps muscles?
thigh flexion (at hip)
how many thigh adductor muscles are there?
sartorius, adductor magnus, adductor longus, gracilis
list two muscles that are responsible for thigh flexion
tensor fascaie latae, rectus femoris
where do the hamstring muscles have their superior attachment as a group?
ischial tuberosity
what is the action of the vastus lateralis?
extension and stabilization of the knee, retains patella in groove on femur during knee movements
which muscle group is found on the anterior part of the thigh?
quadriceps
what muscle flexes the lumbar vertebrae as part of its action?
iliocostalis
what is the proximal attachment of the gastrocnemius?
calcaneus
what is the distal attachment of the tibialis anterior?
medial cuneiform, metatarsal 1
what is the action of both the fibularis longus and the brevis?
plantar flexion and foot eversion
what is the action of the flexor hallucis longus?
hallux flexion
the calf is made of two major muscles
gastrocnemius, and soleus
what muscle flexes the toes?
flexor digitorum longus
muscle that dorsiflexes the foot
tibialis anterior
Plantar flexion and eversion of the foot occur by what muscles?
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
what is the distal attachment of the soleus?
calcaneus
what is the action of the tibialis anterior
dorsiflexion and inverts foot
what is the distal attachment of the flexor digitorum longus?
distal phalanges 2-5
