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Bio-211 > Ch 10 > Flashcards

Ch 10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A fascicle is bounded and defined by

A

the perimyseum

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2
Q

muscle cells must have all of the following properties

A

extensibility, elasticity, contractility, conductivity, excitability

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3
Q

if a tendon runs longitudinally throughout a muscle and fascicles insert obliquely on it along both sides, the muscle is classified as

A

bipennate

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4
Q

a muscle that holds a bone still during a particular action is called

A

a fixator

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5
Q

ach receptors are found in

A

junctional folds

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6
Q

single unit smooth muscle cells can stimulate each other because they have

A

gap junctions

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7
Q

acetylcholine is released from organelles called

A

synaptic vesicles

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8
Q

parts of the sarcoplasmic reticulum called ___ lie on each side of a T- tubule

A

terminal cisternae

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9
Q

thick myofilaments consist mainly of the ___ protein

A

myosin

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10
Q

sheets of fibrous connective tissue called ___ separate a muscle or muscle group from neighboring muscles

A

fasciae

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11
Q

muscle contains a oxygen- storage pigment called

A

myoglobin

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12
Q

skeletal muscle fibers develop by the fusion of embryonic cells called

A

myoblasts

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13
Q

which of the following muscles is the prime mover in spitting out a mouthful of liquid

A

buccinator

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14
Q

the word __ in a muscle name indicates a function related to the head

A

capitis

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15
Q

name suprahyoid muscles

A

mylohyoid and digastric

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16
Q

which muscles is an extensor of the neck

A

splenius capitis

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17
Q

all of the following muscles act on the vertebral column

A

iliocostalis thoracis, longissimus thoracis, spinalis thoracis, multifidus

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18
Q

a muscle that aids in chewing without moving the mandible

A

the buccinator

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19
Q

the prime mover of spinal extension is the

A

erector spinae

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20
Q

the ___ muscle, named for its two bellies, opens the mouth

A

digastric

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21
Q

the thyrohyoid muscle attaches to the thyroid cartilage of the ___

A

Larynx

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22
Q

The ___ muscles diverge like a V from the middle of the upper thorax to attachments behind the ears

A

sternocleidomastoid

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23
Q

the largest muscle of the upper back is

A

trapezius

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24
Q

muscle visible as small tendon between flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris and is absent in some people

A

palmaris longus

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25
Q

What are the quadriceps femoris?

A

vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris

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26
Q

the triceps surae is a muscle group composed of …

A

gastrocnemius, and soleus

27
Q

which muscles contribute to the rotator cuff?

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, the teres minor

28
Q

what actions does the trapezius perform?

A

extension of the neck, depression, elevation, and rotation of the scapula

29
Q

name muscles that extend the hip joint

A

gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

30
Q

both the gastrocnemius and ___ muscles insert on the heel by way of the calcaneal tendon

A

soleus

31
Q

name muscles located in the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vatus lateralis, sartorius

32
Q

the major superficial muscle of the shoulder where injections are often given, is the ___

A

deltoid

33
Q

if a muscle has the word hallucis in its name, it must cause movement of the ___

A

great toe

34
Q

pronation of the forearm is achieved by two muscles, the pronator ___ just distal to the elbow and the pronator ___ near the wrist

A

teres, quadratus

35
Q

the three large muscles on the posterior side of the thigh are collectively known by the colloquial name of ___ muscles

A

hamstring

36
Q

the patella is embedded in the tendon of the ___

A

quadriceps femoris

37
Q

the ___ muscle, named for its skeletal attachments, originates on the coracoid process of the scapula, ends on the humerus, and adducts the arm

A

coracobrachialis

38
Q

the most medial adductor muscle of the thigh is the long, slender, ___

A

gracilis

39
Q

the ___ and ___ are hip flexors that originate on the pelvis and lumbar vertebrae and converge on a shared tendon that ends on the lesser trochanter of the femur

A

iliacus, and psoas major

40
Q

if you were to ride a horse, what muscles would you use to keep your seat?

A

multifidus, rectus abdominis, latissimus dorsi, iliocostalis, iliacus, psoas major

41
Q

how do the gluteus medius and minimus prevent you from toppling over as you walk?

A

shift weight of trunk toward limb with foot on ground as other foot is lifted

42
Q

what muscle is an antagonist to the biceps femoris?

A

quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris)

43
Q

what are the two muscles that are synergists with the biceps femoris muscle?

A

semimembranosus, semitendinosus

44
Q

are all the hamstring muscles identical in action?

A

yes, thigh extension and knee flexion

45
Q

what is the action of the hamstring muscles?

A

thigh extension and knee flexion

46
Q

what is the distal attachment of all the muscles of the quadriceps group?

A

patella, tibial tuberosity, lateral and medial condyles of tibia

47
Q

how does the action of the rectus femoris differ from that of the other quadriceps muscles?

A

thigh flexion (at hip)

48
Q

how many thigh adductor muscles are there?

A

sartorius, adductor magnus, adductor longus, gracilis

49
Q

list two muscles that are responsible for thigh flexion

A

tensor fascaie latae, rectus femoris

50
Q

where do the hamstring muscles have their superior attachment as a group?

A

ischial tuberosity

51
Q

what is the action of the vastus lateralis?

A

extension and stabilization of the knee, retains patella in groove on femur during knee movements

52
Q

which muscle group is found on the anterior part of the thigh?

A

quadriceps

53
Q

what muscle flexes the lumbar vertebrae as part of its action?

A

iliocostalis

54
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the gastrocnemius?

A

calcaneus

55
Q

what is the distal attachment of the tibialis anterior?

A

medial cuneiform, metatarsal 1

56
Q

what is the action of both the fibularis longus and the brevis?

A

plantar flexion and foot eversion

57
Q

what is the action of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

hallux flexion

58
Q

the calf is made of two major muscles

A

gastrocnemius, and soleus

59
Q

what muscle flexes the toes?

A

flexor digitorum longus

60
Q

muscle that dorsiflexes the foot

A

tibialis anterior

61
Q

Plantar flexion and eversion of the foot occur by what muscles?

A

fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

62
Q

what is the distal attachment of the soleus?

A

calcaneus

63
Q

what is the action of the tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflexion and inverts foot

64
Q

what is the distal attachment of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

distal phalanges 2-5

Bio-211 (28 decks)

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