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Bio-211 > CHAPTER 5 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Skin

A

body’s largest organ. 2 layers, epidermis/dermis within skin plus one nearby.

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2
Q

Epidermis

A

epithelium of skin- superficial region outtermost protective shield of body

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3
Q

Tissue type

A

keratinized stratified squamos epithelium 4 cell types 4-5 layers

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4
Q

Vascularity

A

Epidermis is avascular- nutrients diffuse from deeper connective tissue

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5
Q

cells of epidermis

A

superficial cells are dead no nuclei- sparse nerve endings

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6
Q

keratinocytes

A

(no nuclei) synthesize keratin vast majority of epidermal cells/ found in many layers

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7
Q

keratinocyte- function

A

gives epidermis its productive properties

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8
Q

keratinocyte- location

A

keratinized stratified squamos epithelium- arise stratum basale pushed up as grow due in stratus corneum

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9
Q

melanocytes

A

spider shaped epithelial cells make melanin a brown to black pigment

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10
Q

melanocytes- function

A

taken up by keratinocytes and used to protect their DNA from ultraviolet radiation

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11
Q

melanocytes- location

A

stratum basale

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12
Q

dendritic cells (Langerhans)

A

star shaped cells, immune surveilance.

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13
Q

dendritic cells- function

A

protect from microbes, toxins, and pathogens. ingest foreign substances, activate immune system

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14
Q

dendritic cells- location

A

stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, (2 middle layers of epidermis) arise bone marrow migrate to epidermis

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15
Q

Tactile cells (Merkel)

A

touch receptors that join with nerves. shaped like spiky hemispheres

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16
Q

Tactile cells- function

A

sensory receptors for touch, associated with sensory nerve ending

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17
Q

Tactile cells- location

A

stratum basale

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18
Q

Layers of the Epidermis

A

variation in epidermal thickness determines thick or thin

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19
Q

Stratum basale

A

germinating layer- attached to dermis, single row of stem cells

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20
Q

Stratum basale- cells

A

melanocytes, keratinocytes, and tactile (merkel)

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21
Q

Stratum basale- function

A

regenerates new basal cells

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22
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

prickly layer- several layers thick

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23
Q

Stratum spinosum- cells

A

keratinocytes and Langerhans (dendritic)

24
Q

Stratum spinosum- function

A

cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filament that are made of pre keratin

25
Q

stratum granulosum

A

3-6 cell layers thick

26
Q

stratum granulosum cells

A

keratinocytes (organelles deteriorating) cytoplasm full of lamellated granules and keratohyaline granules

27
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

visible only in thick skin, thin translucent band or zone

28
Q

Stratum lucidum cells

A

2-3 rows of clear flat dead keratinocytes

29
Q

Stratum lucidum- function

A

stick corneum to granulosum, provide little protection

30
Q

Thick skin

A

areas of high abrasion, epidermis 5 strata (layers) and thicker stratum corneum. palm, fingertips, soles of feet

31
Q

Thin skin

A

rest of body, 4 strata

32
Q

Stratum corneum

A

20-30 cell layers thick make up 3/4 epidermal thickness, outtermost layer

33
Q

Stratum corneum- cells

A

dead keratinocytes

34
Q

Stratum corneum- function

A

protect from abrasion, penetration, and dehydration

35
Q

Dermis- beneath epithelium

A

second major skin region, strong flexible connective tissue contains nerve fibers, blood and lymphatic vessels, hair follicles, and oil/ sweat glands

36
Q

Dermis vascularity

A

rich supply of blood vessels

37
Q

dermal layers

A

further subdivided into 2 layers papillary and reticular

38
Q

Papillary layer

A

thin superficial layer

39
Q

Tissue type

A

areolar connective tissue contain collagen and elastic fibers

40
Q

additional structures

A

blood vessels

41
Q

Dermal papillae

A

peg like projections contain capillary loops, blood vessels, free nerve endings, and meisners corpuscles (tactile)

42
Q

Dermal ridges

A

in thick skin, large mounds found under the papillae

43
Q

Epidermal ridges

A

formed on the overlying epidermis due to the dermal ridges, referred to as friction ridges, enhance the griping ability. ridge patterns are genetically determined and unique. when sweat pores open along their crest our fingerprints leave identifying films of sweat/fingerprint

44
Q

Capillary loops

A

blood carrying vessels allow for exchange to occur (nutrients-wastes)

45
Q

Free nerve endings

A

serve as pain receptors

46
Q

meissners corpuscles

A

touch receptors

47
Q

reticular layer- irregular dense fibrous connective tissue

A

deeper/ accounts for 80percent of dermal thickness, has cutaneous plexus and flexure lines

48
Q

cutaneous plexus

A

network of blood vessels which nourishes reticular layer

49
Q

flexure lines

A

dermal folds that occur at or near joints allowing for flexibility

50
Q

hypodermis- connective tissue (adipose)

A

nearby layer known as superficial fascia, connective tissue just underneath skin. mostly made up of adipose subcutaneous tissue fund just deep to skin. stores fat and anchors skin to muscle loosely so skin can move

51
Q

skin color

A

3 major pigments determine skin color

52
Q

melanin

A

only one made in skin by melanocytes. subtypes eumelanin- brownish/black, phemelanin- reddish/yellow skin tones vary due to distribution of melanin (not # melanocytes)

53
Q

carotene

A

yellow to orange pigment found in certain plant foods/ carrots, concentrates in stratum corneum

54
Q

hemoglobin

A

a pigment which contains oxygen and found in red blood cells (pale look lack of hemoglobin)

55
Q

appendages of the skin

A

cyanosis- blueness

Bio-211 (28 decks)

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