Locomotor - Canine Anatomy Flashcards
Details on the forelimb?
Bears 60% of the weight
Consists of pectoral girdle and forelimb bones
What is the scapula?
Shoulder bone, close to sagittal plane with a small clavicle.
Acormion - noticable ridge making it easy to feel
What is the humerus?
Head joins to scapula, with greater tubercle
Olecranon fossa - triangle of elbow
Suprarochlear foramen - sectures positioning with ulna for stabilisation
What are the radius and the ulna?
Radius - smaller, main weight barer of distal limb. Distinct facets for articulation with carpal bones.
Ulna - bigger with olecranon to secure joint to humerus and triceps brachii.
What is the manus?
Forepaw.
Made up of 7 carpal bones, 5 metacarpal bones (1st short and non-functional).
Many sesamoid bones to help relieve stress on tendons as digitgrade (dogs).
Weight on II to V, mainly III and IV.
Details on hindlimb?
Pelvic girdle - ilium, ischium and pubis.
Bears 40% of weight
What is the anatomy of the pelvis
Pelvic outlet - birth canal
Tuber coxae - hip bones at top
Iliac crest - highest part of spine between hip bones
Illium - long pelvic bone
Ischium - second largest bone
-Ischial tuberosities - v shape at base of pelvis
Pubic symphsis/Symphysis ischii - fused joining
Obturator foramen - hole between pubis and ischium
Details of the femur?
Joins to the hip, slightly shorter than tibia, thick with short neck
Condyles are prominent
Caudomedially lesser trochanter
Prominent lateral greater trochanter
Third trochanter where gluteal muscles join
Details of knee joint?
3 sesamoid bones;
- 2x fabellae, caudal to stifle joint. 1 palpable.
- Patella is largest at kneecap
Details of tibia and fibia?
Tibia is bigger with condyles and tuberosity
Fibula is smaller, longer and slender with distinct groove
Detail of tarsus?
Hock is the:
Talus -articulates with distal tibia
Calcaneus - large for tendon attachment
Central tarsal bone
Tarsal bones x7 (I-IV) - IV is largest spanning entire region
Metatarsals x5, 1st is short/absent
Details of the spine?
5 areas:
Cervical 1-7
Thoracic 1-13
Lumbar 1-7
Sacral 1-3
Coccygeal 1-20 (vaires
What are the details of vertebrae?
Separated by joints. 4 sites have restricted motion
Atlantoaxial
C7 to T1
Caudal thoracic region
Sacrum
What are the details of ribs?
9 pairs of true ribs and 4 pairs of flase ribs
A long sternum, manubrium and xiphoid process
Whats the acormion?
The ridge of the scapula
Whats the greater tubercle of the humerus?
Joins to scapula
What is the olecrannon fossa?
The deep triangular depression on the posterior side of the humerus, superior to the trochlea. It provides space for the olecranon of the ulna during extension of the forearm.
What is the supraochlear fossa?
Secures the positioning of the ulna. A variable sized hole between two epicondyles.
What is the pelvic outlet?
The birth canal
What is the tuber coxae?
The iliac spine, and the adjacent part of the ventral border of the ilium wing
What is the iliac crest?
The “hip bone”
What is the ilium?
Cranial half of the coxae, has a flat wing part and a narrow body
What is the iscium?
Contains a tuberosity, body, table and ramus
what is the pubic symphysis/symphysis ischii?
Where the coxae join?
What is the obturator foramen?
Big hole for nerves and vessels to pass
What is the femur lesser trochanter?
Caudomedially sat
Where is the femurs greater trochanter?
Prominent laterally
What is the femurs third trochanter?
For the gluteal muscles to join
What is the talus?
Articulates with distal tibia
What is the calcaneous?
A large prominent bone for tendon attachment
What is the atlantoaxis joint?
C1 and C2 joints gliting
What is the atlanto-occipital?
Joining of skull to backbone, elipsoid joint
