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BVetMed 1 > Dentistry > Flashcards

Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

How do the teeth begin to develop in utero?

A

3 clear lines in mouth:
Lips - caudal
Labiogingival groove - space between teeth and cheeks
Dental ridge - thickened oral epithelium

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2
Q

How does a tooth develop?

A

Bud stage: proliferation of oral epithelium and mesenchyme. Thickening of dental ridge by mesenchymal cells.

Cap stage: epithelial bud enlarges, mesenchymal cells gather to form dental mesenchyme/dental bud, a transient signal center (enamel knot) forms in the epithelium.

Early bell stage: tooth germ consists of all three components (enamel organ, dental papilla and dental follicle).

Late bell stage: amelogenesis and odontogenesis, forms the dentine for the root and ename oaround tooth.

Tooth maturation: a mature tooth is a complex of enamel, dentin and dental pulp with periodontum.

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3
Q

What happens to the dental bud?

A

The dental bud expands forming the enamel organ. This surrounds the dental papilla (mesenchymal neural crest cells)

Together this forms the deciduous tooth

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4
Q

How do adult teeth get formed?

A

A small primordium of permanent tooth is formed by a small mass of neural crest cells budding off

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5
Q

What differentation occurs in the enamel organ/dental papilla?

A

Inner layer of enamel organ - ameloblasts
Dental papillae - odontoblasts

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6
Q

What are ameloblasts?

A

They form enamel, and are gradually replaced as time moves on

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7
Q

What are odontoblasts?

A

They form dentine, and are replaced by said dentine

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8
Q

What are cementoblasts?

A

They produce cementum, which joins tooth to root

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9
Q

What are the signals that develop a diastema?

A

FGF-3 and -4

BMP-2, and -4 also seem

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10
Q

How does a temporary tooth come through?

A

Erupts before root is formed, leading some space. The epithelium is continuous with gums on eruption and is gradually worn down

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11
Q

How does a permanent tooth come through?

A

Moves into the socket left from the temporary tooth. Increasing pressure on said temporary tooth. This resorbs the root of the temporary tooth and is eventually shed.

The permanent tooth moves in through metabolic activity pulling on the periodontal ligament.

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12
Q

What is a polyphydont?

A

Replace teeth continuously and have a reserve of ameloblasts

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13
Q

What is a monophydont?

A

One set of teeth for entire life with singple plantation with capacity to grow continuously.

This is from the incorportation of the stem cell reservoir in the labial cervical loop.

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14
Q

What is a diphydont?

A

Two sets of teeth: deciduous and permanent.

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15
Q

What is the general structure of a tooth?

A

Crown - tooth above gingiva and meets roots at cemento-enamel junction

Roots - 1+, angle is celled furcation angle and have a foramen for nerves, BV etc

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16
Q

What are the variations in the root foramen?

A

Single - humans
Multiple canal delta - cats/dogs
Open - herbivores - pem - ruminants or close eventually - horses

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17
Q

What is enamel?

A

96% inorganic hydroxyapatite
4% water
Fibrous organic material

Formed by ameloblasts, needs enamelins and amelogenins.

Hardest biological material in the body but not replaced.

Thomes Fibres - projections into unmineralised enamel

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18
Q

What is dentine?

A

70% inorganic hydroxyapatite
30% water, collagen and mucopolysaccharide

Dentine tubules extending from external surface to the pulp (30-40k/mm2)

Formed by odontoblasts, produced continously

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19
Q

What are the three types of dentine?

A

Primary - forms before tooth eruption
Secondary - after eruption, from odontoblasts living in the pulp and developed as layers
Tertiary - after trauma, with fewer tubules and darkened in colour

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20
Q

What is pulp?

A

Living tissue in pulp and root canals, giving teeth its senstivity.

Contains ameloblasts, odontoblasts, collagen, nerves, lymph and blood vessels.
-odontoblasts line cavity and branch out into the dentine tubules

Enter via apical delta and accessory canals

21
Q

What does physical trauma to pulp cause?

A

Bruising, haemorrhage or pulpitis

22
Q

When does pulp necrosis cause?

A

Over heating from polishing and scaling

23
Q

What does a loss of blood supply cause?

A

Iscaemic necrosis

24
Q

What is gingiva?

A

Adheres tooth to the alveolar socket

25
Q

What is the alveolus ad peridontal ligament?

A

Taunt Sharpeys fibres suspent the tooth in the socket bridging bone and cementum.

Vascularised and nerves so can tell pressure, pain and tempterature.

26
Q

What is cementum?

A

45-50% inorganic hydroxyapatite
50-55% collagen I etc

Surrounds root dentine and provides an attachment point for the peridontal ligament.

This is what orthodontist use

27
Q

What is the alveolar bone?

A

White line seen - lamina dura

28
Q

What are incisors?

A

Small, single rooted teeth

Become infected and mobile by peridontal disease.

Used for cutting, scooping, picking up and grooming

29
Q

What are canines?

A

Important

Holding prey, displaying, slashing, and tearing, cradles tongue.

30
Q

What are premolars?

A

Pink sheen from side, with tip of upper tooth pointing into interdental space of lower etc.

Holding, carrying and breaking food into smaller places.

If unaligned indicative of a bite defect (brachygnathism or mandibular prognathism)

31
Q

What are molars?

A

Biting force affected by dental caries

Used for grinding food into small pieces with flat occlusal surfaces

32
Q

How do you number teeth?

A

Triadan method - pigs permanent dentition.

11 in each quater - 3 incisors, 1 canine, 4 premolars and 3 molars§

33
Q

What is a brachydont?

A

One tooth eruption then minimal growth e.g. pigs and humans

34
Q

What is a hyposodont?

A

Teeth the continuously grow in length

35
Q

What is a radicular hypsodont?

A

Roots originally open, then close e.g. horses

36
Q

What is a aradicular hypsodont?

A

Open roots, errupting forever e.g. mice and rabbits

37
Q

Teeth can be homodont or heterodont?

A

Homodont - all the same e.g. shark
Heterodont - different with incisors, molars etc. e.g. humans

38
Q

What is monophydont and polyphydont?

A

Monophodont - teeth aren’t replaced
Polyphydont - teeth are replaced

39
Q

What is the occlusal surface?

A

Opposite teeth touching

40
Q

What is the contact surface?

A

Between teeth

41
Q

How many permanent teeth does a dog have?

A

3x incisor
1x canine
4x premolar
3x molar

42
Q

What is different about brachycephalic dogs?

A

Compressed teeth so can be likely to suffer more from dental disease

43
Q

How many permanent teeth does a horse have?

A

3x incisor
1x canine
Diastema
3-4x premolar
3x molar

44
Q

What is different about horses teeth?

A

They endure significant wear, and are complicatedly folded.

45
Q

How can you age horses with their teeth?

A

As the horses get older, the teeth wear and this exposes more of the tooth. At 10 years the secondary dentine and mark is seen and then at 13 years the dental star is seen

46
Q

What are rodent teeth like?

A

Have a reduced number of teeth
No canines
Large diastema
No pulp cavity and such teeth are insensitive and can be clipped

47
Q

What are bovine teeth like?

A

Hard upper dental pad.
Lower canines like incisors, with large molars and premolars
Very pronounced enamel ridges

48
Q

What are pig teeth like?

A

the incisors project rostrally, with canines as tusks for digging and tearins
Molars and premolars are rounded for grinding and protection against fracture/damage

BVetMed 1 (53 decks)

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