Alimentary - simple stomachs Flashcards
What is the abdominal cavity?
Cranial border - diaphragm
Ventral border - abdominal muscles
Dorsal border - vertebrae and latissimus dorsi
Caudal border - pelvic floor
What is the peritoneum?
Peritoneum is a serous membranous tissue that covers the abdominal cavity.
Visceral - Folds around the internal and intra-abdominal organs
Parietal - covers outer layer
What does the peritoneum do?
Provides protection
Allows organs to avoid boundaries
Acts as a net for blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic tissues
What organs doesn’t the peritoneum contain?
Kidneys, as they develop after the peritoneum and exist in a retro peritoneum space
How would you describe the stomach?
Muscular
4 regions - cardiac, fundic, body, pyloric
How does the stomach attach to the abdomen?
Gastrophrenic and gastrosplenic ligaments attach the greater omentum to greater curvature
Gastrohepatic and hepatoduodenal ligaments attach the lesser curvature to the lesser omentum
What is the vasculature of the stomach/liver/spleen/pancreaas?
Abdominal aorta splits into celiac artery and trunk, then three branches.
Drainage via hepatic portal vein
What is the anatomy of the liver of carnivores?
6 lobes:
Caudate process of caudate lobe
Right lateral lobe
Right medial lobe
(Gall bladder)
Quadrate lobe
Left medial lobe
Left lateral lobe
Papillary process of caudate lobe
What is the vasculature of the liver?
The hepatic artery - general circulation
Hepatic portal vein - small intestines
Central vein -> caudal vena cava
What are the differences in gall bladder between dogs and cats?
Cats - one opening and one exit
Dogs - one exit with both ducts, but have a smaller exit with an accessory pancreatic duct
What is the mesentry?
Fold of membrane that attaches the intestines to the abdomen
A double fold of the peritoneum.
What is the difference in the ileocaecocolic junction between cats and dogs?
Dogs - ileum opens to colon via ileocolic orifice, colon to caecum via cecocolic orifice. Caecum doughnut shaped
Cats - no orifices all just merged into one area
What is the omentum?
Double/multiple layer of paritoneum from stomach/proximal part of duodenum to adjacent organs
Lesser - lesser curvature of stomach connecting to proximal duodenum to liver
Greater - greater curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum to colon and transverse mesocolon. Hands freely and often covered in far
What is the gastrosplenic ligament?
Joins stomach to spleen
What is the vasculature from mid to hindgut?
Travels
Aorta> 1. Cranial mesenteric artery 2. Caudal mesenteric artery
- and 2. anastomose and run through mesentery
What does the cranial mesenteric artery supply?
Small intestine, caecum, ascending and transverse colon
What does the caudal mesenteric artery supply?
Descending colon
What is the external abdominal oblique muscle?
Starts at costal cartilages
Inserts at a wide aponeurosis and runs caudoventrally
Compresses abdominal cavity, rotates trunk and superficially forms inguinal ligament
What is the internal abdominal oblique muscles?
Sits below EAO.
Starts at coxal tuberosity
Inserts at linea alba and final rib costal arch
Opposes EAO in rotation, compresses abdomen and opposes diaphragm
What is the transversus abdominus
Starts at transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and ribcage
Inserts at linea alba
Helps compress ribs and provides stability
Last muscle before abdominal cavity
What is the rectus abdominus?
Runs both sides of the linea alba.
Starts at sternum and sternal rib cartilage
Inserts at prepubic tendon and public bone
Assists in breathing and abdominal stability and enclosed by rectus sheath
What is the inguinal ring?
Connective tissue opening between the abdominal muscles, and the aponeurosis forms passage for vagina and testes descent.
Internal and external
What is the vascularisation of the abdominal wall?
Cranial - cranial superficial epigastric artery and vein
Caudal - caudal superficial epigastric artery and vein
