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BVetMed 1 > Alimentary - Headgut, pharynx and larynx > Flashcards

Alimentary - Headgut, pharynx and larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is prehension?

A

Getting food into the mouth, either via lips, teeth, tongue and head/jaw movements

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2
Q

What is mastication?

A

The mechanical breakdown of food and mixing with saliva

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3
Q

What is deglutition?

A

Swallowing, voluntary and involuntary

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4
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

The space between the cheek and the teeth

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5
Q

What are the 4 major facial muscles involved with prehension?

A

Zygomaticus
Levator labii superioris
Buccinator
Orbicularis oris

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6
Q

What does the zygomaticus do?

A

Retracts the angle of the mouth and moves the lips for facial expression

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7
Q

What does the levator lavii superioris do?

A

Elevates the upper lip and moves it to one side

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8
Q

What does the buccinator do?

A

Keeps food between the upper and lower molar teeth during mastication. Pushing food back into the mouth and preventing is collecting in the vestibule

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9
Q

What does the orbicularis oris do?

A

It closes the lips and assists in the gathering of food, when drinking and during mastication

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10
Q

What is the buccal cavity?

A

Opening of the oral cavity

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11
Q

Whats the palatine ridge?

A

The middle line of the hard pallet

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12
Q

What are the transverse ridges?

A

The ridges on the hard palate

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13
Q

What is the medial suculus?

A

The middle line of the tongue

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14
Q

What is the philtrum?

A

The line under the nose

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15
Q

What is the frenulum?

A

The mucous membrane securing under the tongue

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16
Q

What is the sublingual caruncle?

A

The site either side of the frenulum

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17
Q

What is the palatoglossal arch?

A

From the soft palette to the tongue

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18
Q

What is the palantine tonsil?

A

A bundle of lymphatic tissue

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19
Q

What is the soft palate?

A

Divides the nasopharynx and the oropharynx

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20
Q

What is different about bachiocephalic dogs?

A

They have an extra long soft palate, which touches the larynx when they breathe making it difficult

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21
Q

How do horses differ?

A

Very small oropharynx
Additional guttural pouch, blind ended sac for thermal regulation and allows head to be lighter

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22
Q

What are the two stages of degluition?

A

Voluntary when its in mouth
Involuntary when it passes the larynx

23
Q

What two muscles in the soft palate are involved

A

Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini

Elevates whole palate to allow food to enter oesophagus.

Caudal free edge of SP presses on pharyngeal wall, sealing off nasopharynx

24
Q

What nerve innervates the soft palate?

A

Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

25
Q

What are the major salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Mandibular
Sublingual
Zygomatic

26
Q

What are the minor salivary glands?

A

Labial
Lingual
Buccal
Palatine

27
Q

What is a monostomatic gland?

A

A gland that delivers saliva to a distant site through a singular duct

28
Q

What is a polystomatic gland?

A

A gland that delivers saliva to a local site through multiple openings adjacent to gland.

29
Q

What does saliva contain?

A

Amylase
Water
Sodium Bicarbonate
Electrolytes
Antimicrobial agents
Lingual lipase

30
Q

What innervates the salivary glands?

A

Parasympathetic - facial, glossopharyngeal and trigeminal

Sympathetic - vacoconstriction

31
Q

What is the hyoid apparatus?

A

Bones that suspend the tongue and the larynx

32
Q

How many bones make up the hyoid apparatus?

A

5

33
Q

What are the unpaired bones of the hyoid apparatus?

A

Basihyoid

34
Q

What are the paired bones of the hyoid apparatus?

A

Stylohyoid
Epihyoid
Keratohyoid
Thyohyoid

35
Q

How many cartilages does the hyoid apparatus have

A

9

36
Q

What are the unpaired cartilages of the hyoid apparatus?

A

Epiglottis, thyroid and cricoid

37
Q

What are the paired cartilages of the hyoid apparatus?

A

Arytenoid and corniculate

38
Q

Which bone articulates with the skull?

A

The stylohyoid articulates with base of skull at petrus temporal

39
Q

What bone articulates with the thyroid cartilage?

A

The thyohyoid

40
Q

What are the muscles of the hyoid apparatus?

A

Ventricularis - vocal fold adduction and glottis constriction

Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis - abducts the arytenoid cartilage to open the glottis

Vocalis - controls vocal cords

Thyroarytenoideus - gives rise to the ventricularis and vocalis muscles

41
Q

What are the functions of the tongue?

A

Grooming
Lapping (lyssa)
Pregension/manipulating food
Deglutition
Vocalisation

42
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles around the tongue?

A

Dorsal and ventral longitudinal

43
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles around the tongue?

A

Styloglossus - retracts and elevates
Hyoglossus - retracts and despresses

Genioglossus - protrudes and depresses

Geniohyoideus - below the tongue and draws hyoid and tongue forward

44
Q

What is the innervation of the tongue?

A

Movement - hypoglossal

Temperature and touch (1st 2/3) - lingual branch of trigeminal

Taste (caudal 1/3) - glossopharyngeal

45
Q

What is the vasculature of the tongue?

A

Lingual artery primarily

Some branches of carotid artery, facial artery and ascending pharyngeal artery

46
Q

What are papillae on the tongue?

A

Tiny raised protrusions on the tongue that are the taste buds

47
Q

What are the mechanical papillae?

A

Conical

Filiform

48
Q

What are the conical papillae?

A

Only in caudal 1/3 of tongue
Thick epithelium
No taste
Not in horses

49
Q

What are filiform papillae?

A

Rostral 2/3
Most numerous and point caudally
Small
Thick keratin on stratified squamous epithelium
No taste, glands or lymphatics
V prominent in cats

50
Q

What are the gustatory papillae?

A

Foliate
Funigform
Vallate

51
Q

What are the foliate papillae?

A

Caudal 1/3
8-12 papillae in parallel folds either side of tongue midline
Stratified squamous epithelium
Absent in ruminants

52
Q

What are fungiform papillae?

A

Rostral 2/3
Red dots on surface
Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
Heat loss involvement in panting

53
Q

What are vallate papillae?

A

Lymphatic
V present in goats and ruminants

BVetMed 1 (53 decks)

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