LOCO Anatomy2b Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of displacement? [1]

A

Amount of movement from anatomical position

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2
Q

Displacement is described in relation to which section of the fracture or dislocation? [1]

A

Distal fracture fragment

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3
Q

State what type of fracture this is [1]

A

Communicated: term comminuted fracture refers to a bone that is broken in at least two places

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4
Q

What type of fracture is depicted? [1]

A

Avulsed: a failure of bone in which a bone fragment is pulled away from its main body by soft tissue that is attached to it

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5
Q

A 16-year-old boy falls and lands on his outstretched right forearm sustaining an uncomplicated distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement consistent with a “dinner fork deformity.” Which of the following is the best initial management for this patient?

A. Open reduction and internal fixation
B. Reduction and splint
C. Thumb spica cast
D. Long arm cast

A

B. Reduction and splint: Treatment of uncomplicated distal radial fractures is the conversion of the splint to a short arm cast for 6 to 8 weeks.

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6
Q

A 63-year-old woman presents after slipping on ice and landing on her left outstretched hand. She reports that her left wrist is painful and began to swell a few hours ago. Examination of the left wrist demonstrates a typical dinner fork deformity and volar wrist bruising. Sensation and motor power of the radial, ulnar, and median nerves are intact, and there are palpable radial pulsations. Radiographs are most likely to show which of the following?

A. Distal radius dorsally angulated fracture
B. Radial head Mason type II fracture
C. Galeazzi fracture-dislocation
D. Monteggia fracture dislocation

A

A. Distal radius dorsally angulated fracture

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7
Q

A 26-year-old man presents with a painful and swollen left ankle after he tripped over a step and fell. On examination, he can fully weight-bear. The left ankle is swollen, but there is no bruising, medial ankle tenderness, or distal neurovascular deficits. A radiograph of the left ankle is most likely to show which of the following?

A. Weber A fracture
B. Pilon fracture
C. Medial malleolus avulsion fracture
D. Weber C trimalleolar fracture

A

A. Weber A fracture

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8
Q

A 14-year-old male presents after sustaining an injury to his leg while playing basketball. During the exam, he becomes very agitated and exhibits pain out of proportion to the exam. He reports a tingling sensation distal to his injury and is found to have severe swelling of the injured area and loss of distal pulses. Which avulsion injury is most at risk for developing this complication?

A. Glenoid rim avulsion fracture
B. Segond fracture
C. Ischial tuberosity avulsion fracture
D. Tibial tubercle avulsion fracture

A

D. Tibial tubercle avulsion fracture

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9
Q

What does the term ‘reduction of a fracture’ mean? [1]

A

Process undertaken by orthopaedic surgeons to realign the bony fragments, returning the fractured bone to anatomical position

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10
Q

Describe what a closed reduction is [1]
Describe how a closed reduction is performed [1]

A

Closed reduction:
* when skin and soft tissue is left intact
* Apply traction and opposing force to the displaced fracture segment to realign the bone and the stabilising it in anatomical position

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11
Q

Describe the angulation of a Colles fracture [1]

A

Dorsally angulated fracture

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12
Q

Which nerve is commonly damaged in a Colles fracture? [1]

A

Median

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13
Q

Describe the blood supply to the femoral epiphysis in children and how this differs to the blood supply to the femoral head in adults [2]

A

Children: round ligament artery which is found in the ligamentum teres

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14
Q

What are the major risks associated with open fractures? [3]

A

Infection
Compartment syndrome
Risk of neurovascular damage

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15
Q

What are two key steps in minimising major risks associated in patients management? [2]

A

Give IV antibiotics; tetanus; analgesia
Washout and debridement ASAP

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16
Q

What landmarks are used to assess the:

Dorsalis pedis [1]
Posterior tibial [1]

A

Dorsalis pedis
* Lateral to extensor hallicus longus

Posterior tibial
* Posterior to medial malleolus

17
Q

Label A-D

A

A: Posterior tibiofibular ligament
B: Anterior tibiofibular ligament
C: Achilles tendon
D: Calcaneofibular ligament

18
Q

Label 1-3

A

1: Anterior tibiofibular ligament;
2: Bassett’s ligament;
3: anterior talofibular ligament

19
Q

Label A-C

A

A: Calcaneous
B: Talus
C: navicular

20
Q

Label A & B [2]

A

A: Calcaneous
B: Talus

21
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. Deltoid ligament. 2. Medial malleolus. 3. Medial talar process. 4. Posterior tibial tendon (cut)
22
Q

Which classification system is used to assess distal fibula fractures [1]

A

Webers classification

23
Q

Describe the difference between the locations of Type A, B & C Weber Fractures [3]

State if each type is stable / unstable

A

Type A:
* Fibular fracture below level of syndesmosis
* stable

Type B:
* Fibular fracture at level of syndesmosis
* stable or unstable

Type C:
* Fibular fracture above level of syndesmosis
* unstable

24
Q

State the treatment for Type A, B & C Weber fractures [3]

A

Type A: conservative management: cast and weight bearing

Type B: conservative management: cast and weight bearing OR surgical fixation: plate and screws

Type C: surgical fixation plate and screws

25
Q

What type of Webers fracture is this? [1]

A

A: below the syndesmosis

26
Q

What type of Webers fracture is this? [1]

A

B: level of syndesmosis

27
Q

What type of Webers fracture is this? [1]

A

C: above