Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LOCO2 > LOCO Anatomy2a > Flashcards

LOCO Anatomy2a Flashcards

1
Q

The femoral head recieves blood supply from which arteries? [3]

State the source of each of these arteries [2]

A

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries, from profunda femoris

Acetabular branch of obturator artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Shenton’s line occurs between which two parts of the pelvis? [2]

A

Inferior border of superior pubic ramus and inferior border of neck of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Shenton’s line occurs between which two parts of the pelvis? [2]

A

Inferior border of superior pubic ramus and inferior border of neck of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A

This is a cemented hemiarthroplasty. The medulla of the bone has increased opacity within it suggesting that the hemiarthroplasty is cemented.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which type of prosthetic material is preffered for irradiate bone due to this bones limited ability for ingrowth

Cemented
Uncemented

A

Uncemented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which type of prosthetic material is has better remodelling potential

Cemented
Uncemented

A

Uncemented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which type of prosthetic material has initial and long term stability

Cemented
Uncemented

A

Cemented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which type of prosthetic material a porous section to promote bone ingrowth

Cemented
Uncemented

A

Uncemented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which type of prosthetic material has a narrower stem

Cemented
Uncemented

A

Cemented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is nerve damage an intraoperative or postoperative complication?

A

postoperative complication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which ligament is removed in a total hip replacement? [1]

A

Acceptable responses: Ligamentum teres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A

X-ray A is a hemiarthroplasty, just the stem has been implanted into the femur. This may be done in cases where the acetabulum in not damaged - for example in some cases of avascular necrosis or neck of femur fracture.

X-ray B is a total hip arthroplasty, an acetabular component is visible within the pelvis. This is more common in cases such as osteoarthritis as often there is damage to both components of the hip joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

During a total knee replacement state what the femoral component [1] and tibial components [2] are made from

A

Femoral: Metal

Tibial: Metal tray that attaches directly to bone; plastic spacer that proves the bearing surface which replaces the mensici

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What structures within the knee can be lost in a knee replacement? [4]

A

Acceptable responses: Ligaments, Anterior cruciate ligament, ACL, Posterior cruciate ligaments, PCL, Cruciate ligaments, Cruciates, Menisci, Medial menscus, Lateral meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This is a total elbow arthroplasty, and the prosthetic component lies in which bones? [2]

A

humerus and the ulna.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

State when a plaster of paris is used [3]

A
  • bone fracture
  • soft tissue injuries
  • when immobilisation required.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

State 3 potential complications of using plaster of paris casts for fixation [3]

A

Muscle atrophy
DVT
Compartment syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

State what type of internal fixation is present [1]

When would this type of internal fixation be used? [1]

A

K wires: hold fracture together

Used when: fracture healing is predictable and quick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

State what type of internal fixation is present [1]

When would this type of internal fixation be used? [2]

A

Plates and screws

Used for :metaphyseal fractures of long bones and diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

State what type of internal fixation is present [1]

When would this type of internal fixation be used? [2]

A

IM nail

Used for long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

State what type of internal fixation is used in A-C

A

A: Screws and pins
B: IM nail
C: K wires

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the difference between mal-union and non-union fracture healing [2]

A

Non-union: failure of normal healing process

Mal-union: fracture heals in the wrong place

23
Q

Which out of A & B is the mal-union and non-union healing? [2]

A

Case A - this shows malunion of the fifth metacarpal from a previous fracture.

Case B - this shows non-union of a previous clavicular fracture.

24
Q

Which out of A & B is the mal-union and non-union healing? [2]

A

Case A - this shows malunion of the fifth metacarpal from a previous fracture.

Case B - this shows non-union of a previous clavicular fracture.

25
Q
A
26
Q

Which type of graft is most commonly used for tendon knee grafts

Allograft
Xenograft
Autograft
Alloplast
Isograft

A

Which type of graft is most commonly used for tendon knee grafts

Allograft
Xenograft
Autograft
Alloplast
Isograft

27
Q

Which type of graft is most commonly used for tendon knee grafts if ligament reconstruction is performed / host tissue inadequate?

Allograft
Xenograft
Alloplast
Isograft

A

Allograft: A graft from person to another e.g using tendon or ligament or chondrocytes from a donor

28
Q

Define the terms [3]

Isograft
Allograft
Alloplast

A

Isograft: A form of allograft. A graft between genetically identical individuals.

Alloplast: using an inert material to reconstruct a tissue

Allograft:A graft from person to another e.g using tendon or ligament or chondrocytes from a donor

29
Q

Which of the following best fits the description for:

A graft from person to another e.g using tendon or ligament or chondrocytes from a donor

Allograft
Xenograft
Autograft
Alloplast
Isograft

A

Allograft

30
Q

Which of the following best fits the description for:

Using an inert material to reconstruct a tissue

Allograft
Xenograft
Autograft
Alloplast
Isograft

A

Alloplast

31
Q

Name 2 sites of autografts commonly used for anterior cruciate ligament replacement [2]

A

Acceptable responses: Patella ligament, Semitendinosus, Semitendinosus tendon, Gracilis, Gracilis tendon

32
Q

Define arthrodesis

A

surgical fusion of a joint

33
Q

Define arthrodesis

A

surgical fusion of a joint

34
Q

State two reasons why arthrodesis may be given [2]

A

Pain relief in a joint severely damaged.

Stabilisation of a joint which has lost stability from ligamentous damage or paralysis.

35
Q

Describe the mechanisms that arthrodesis may be given [2]

A

The joint may be fused by either clearing the articular cartilage and bringing the bone together and holding it in place until fusion occurs

Extra articular where fusion bypasses the joint.

36
Q

What form of management has been performed here? [1]

A

Arthrodesis of knee joint

37
Q

Which movements may be limited by the arthrodesis in this case?

A

Here the arthrodesis has occurred through the tibia, the talus and the calcaneus. It extends through the talocrural (ankle) joint and the subtalar joint. Therefore, there is likely to be limitation of all of the movements listed above.

38
Q

What structure is damaged that can cause the reduced growth of a bone? [1]

A

Acceptable responses: Growth plate, Growth plates, Epiphysis, Epiphyseal plate, Physis

39
Q

Which imaging technique is preferred in diagnosing DDH in young patients?

MRI
Ultrasound
X-ray
CT

A

Ultrasound

40
Q

A barlow test would is assessing which developmental problem? [1]

A

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)

41
Q

What is the name for this line? [1]

A

Hilgenreiner’s Line

This is a horizontal line along inferior aspect of triradiate cartilage.

42
Q

What is the name for this angle? [1]

Between which points is it measured between? [2]

A

Acetabular index

Hilgenreiner’s line and the acetabular index line

43
Q

State what the acetabular angle should be for each of the following ages?

0 - 1 year old < []
1 > 4 year old < []
> 4 year old < []

A

The acetabular angle should decrease with age:

0 - 1 year old < 34
1 > 4 year old < 28
> 4 year old < 25

44
Q

DDH:

What acetabular angles would correct with splintage [1] and would require surgery [1]

A

An angle of < 45 deg will spontaneously correct with splintage, whereas angle of > 60 deg will usually require surgery.

45
Q
A

On the left, the femoral head is located more laterally and the acetabulum appears underdeveloped.

46
Q

Describe how you would manage CDH in a

Newborn [1]

6-18 months [2]

A

Newborn
* Splintage in abduction (Pavlik harness, Von Rosen splint)

6 - 18 months
* Closed reduction – Traction, Splintage
* Open reduction and Splintage

47
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of Perthes disease [1]

A

Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head

48
Q
A
49
Q

What is the typical age of presentation for Perthes disease? [1]

A

4-10 yrs old

50
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of slipped upper femoral epiphysis [2]

A

Displacement of femoral epiphysis: predominately distal portion due to femoral neck roating externally off the head

51
Q

What is this line called? [1]

Which two parts is it from? [2[

A

Line of klein: line of Klein is drawn along the lateral most aspect of the femoral neck.

52
Q

What is the name of this deformity? [1]

A

Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)

53
Q

What is the name of this deformity? [1]

A

Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)

54
Q

Ankle arthrodesis is the fusion of the [] most commonly performed for end-stage arthritis of the joint.

A

Ankle arthrodesis is the fusion of the tibiotalar joint most commonly performed for end-stage arthritis of the joint.

LOCO2 (58 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions