LOCO Anatomy2a Flashcards
The femoral head recieves blood supply from which arteries? [3]
State the source of each of these arteries [2]
Medial and lateral circumflex arteries, from profunda femoris
Acetabular branch of obturator artery
Shenton’s line occurs between which two parts of the pelvis? [2]
Inferior border of superior pubic ramus and inferior border of neck of femur
Shenton’s line occurs between which two parts of the pelvis? [2]
Inferior border of superior pubic ramus and inferior border of neck of femur
This is a cemented hemiarthroplasty. The medulla of the bone has increased opacity within it suggesting that the hemiarthroplasty is cemented.
Which type of prosthetic material is preffered for irradiate bone due to this bones limited ability for ingrowth
Cemented
Uncemented
Uncemented
Which type of prosthetic material is has better remodelling potential
Cemented
Uncemented
Uncemented
Which type of prosthetic material has initial and long term stability
Cemented
Uncemented
Cemented
Which type of prosthetic material a porous section to promote bone ingrowth
Cemented
Uncemented
Uncemented
Which type of prosthetic material has a narrower stem
Cemented
Uncemented
Cemented
Is nerve damage an intraoperative or postoperative complication?
postoperative complication
Which ligament is removed in a total hip replacement? [1]
Acceptable responses: Ligamentum teres
X-ray A is a hemiarthroplasty, just the stem has been implanted into the femur. This may be done in cases where the acetabulum in not damaged - for example in some cases of avascular necrosis or neck of femur fracture.
X-ray B is a total hip arthroplasty, an acetabular component is visible within the pelvis. This is more common in cases such as osteoarthritis as often there is damage to both components of the hip joint.
During a total knee replacement state what the femoral component [1] and tibial components [2] are made from
Femoral: Metal
Tibial: Metal tray that attaches directly to bone; plastic spacer that proves the bearing surface which replaces the mensici
What structures within the knee can be lost in a knee replacement? [4]
Acceptable responses: Ligaments, Anterior cruciate ligament, ACL, Posterior cruciate ligaments, PCL, Cruciate ligaments, Cruciates, Menisci, Medial menscus, Lateral meniscus
This is a total elbow arthroplasty, and the prosthetic component lies in which bones? [2]
humerus and the ulna.
State when a plaster of paris is used [3]
- bone fracture
- soft tissue injuries
- when immobilisation required.
State 3 potential complications of using plaster of paris casts for fixation [3]
Muscle atrophy
DVT
Compartment syndrome
State what type of internal fixation is present [1]
When would this type of internal fixation be used? [1]
K wires: hold fracture together
Used when: fracture healing is predictable and quick
State what type of internal fixation is present [1]
When would this type of internal fixation be used? [2]
Plates and screws
Used for :metaphyseal fractures of long bones and diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna
State what type of internal fixation is present [1]
When would this type of internal fixation be used? [2]
IM nail
Used for long bones
State what type of internal fixation is used in A-C
A: Screws and pins
B: IM nail
C: K wires
Describe the difference between mal-union and non-union fracture healing [2]
Non-union: failure of normal healing process
Mal-union: fracture heals in the wrong place
Which out of A & B is the mal-union and non-union healing? [2]
Case A - this shows malunion of the fifth metacarpal from a previous fracture.
Case B - this shows non-union of a previous clavicular fracture.
Which out of A & B is the mal-union and non-union healing? [2]
Case A - this shows malunion of the fifth metacarpal from a previous fracture.
Case B - this shows non-union of a previous clavicular fracture.
Which type of graft is most commonly used for tendon knee grafts
Allograft
Xenograft
Autograft
Alloplast
Isograft
Which type of graft is most commonly used for tendon knee grafts
Allograft
Xenograft
Autograft
Alloplast
Isograft
Which type of graft is most commonly used for tendon knee grafts if ligament reconstruction is performed / host tissue inadequate?
Allograft
Xenograft
Alloplast
Isograft
Allograft: A graft from person to another e.g using tendon or ligament or chondrocytes from a donor
Define the terms [3]
Isograft
Allograft
Alloplast
Isograft: A form of allograft. A graft between genetically identical individuals.
Alloplast: using an inert material to reconstruct a tissue
Allograft:A graft from person to another e.g using tendon or ligament or chondrocytes from a donor
Which of the following best fits the description for:
A graft from person to another e.g using tendon or ligament or chondrocytes from a donor
Allograft
Xenograft
Autograft
Alloplast
Isograft
Allograft
Which of the following best fits the description for:
Using an inert material to reconstruct a tissue
Allograft
Xenograft
Autograft
Alloplast
Isograft
Alloplast
Name 2 sites of autografts commonly used for anterior cruciate ligament replacement [2]
Acceptable responses: Patella ligament, Semitendinosus, Semitendinosus tendon, Gracilis, Gracilis tendon
Define arthrodesis
surgical fusion of a joint
Define arthrodesis
surgical fusion of a joint
State two reasons why arthrodesis may be given [2]
Pain relief in a joint severely damaged.
Stabilisation of a joint which has lost stability from ligamentous damage or paralysis.
Describe the mechanisms that arthrodesis may be given [2]
The joint may be fused by either clearing the articular cartilage and bringing the bone together and holding it in place until fusion occurs
Extra articular where fusion bypasses the joint.
What form of management has been performed here? [1]
Arthrodesis of knee joint
Which movements may be limited by the arthrodesis in this case?
Here the arthrodesis has occurred through the tibia, the talus and the calcaneus. It extends through the talocrural (ankle) joint and the subtalar joint. Therefore, there is likely to be limitation of all of the movements listed above.
What structure is damaged that can cause the reduced growth of a bone? [1]
Acceptable responses: Growth plate, Growth plates, Epiphysis, Epiphyseal plate, Physis
Which imaging technique is preferred in diagnosing DDH in young patients?
MRI
Ultrasound
X-ray
CT
Ultrasound
A barlow test would is assessing which developmental problem? [1]
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
What is the name for this line? [1]
Hilgenreiner’s Line
This is a horizontal line along inferior aspect of triradiate cartilage.
What is the name for this angle? [1]
Between which points is it measured between? [2]
Acetabular index
Hilgenreiner’s line and the acetabular index line
State what the acetabular angle should be for each of the following ages?
0 - 1 year old < []
1 > 4 year old < []
> 4 year old < []
The acetabular angle should decrease with age:
0 - 1 year old < 34
1 > 4 year old < 28
> 4 year old < 25
DDH:
What acetabular angles would correct with splintage [1] and would require surgery [1]
An angle of < 45 deg will spontaneously correct with splintage, whereas angle of > 60 deg will usually require surgery.
On the left, the femoral head is located more laterally and the acetabulum appears underdeveloped.
Describe how you would manage CDH in a
Newborn [1]
6-18 months [2]
Newborn
* Splintage in abduction (Pavlik harness, Von Rosen splint)
6 - 18 months
* Closed reduction – Traction, Splintage
* Open reduction and Splintage
Describe the pathophysiology of Perthes disease [1]
Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head
What is the typical age of presentation for Perthes disease? [1]
4-10 yrs old
Describe the pathophysiology of slipped upper femoral epiphysis [2]
Displacement of femoral epiphysis: predominately distal portion due to femoral neck roating externally off the head
What is this line called? [1]
Which two parts is it from? [2[
Line of klein: line of Klein is drawn along the lateral most aspect of the femoral neck.
What is the name of this deformity? [1]
Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)
What is the name of this deformity? [1]
Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)
Ankle arthrodesis is the fusion of the [] most commonly performed for end-stage arthritis of the joint.
Ankle arthrodesis is the fusion of the tibiotalar joint most commonly performed for end-stage arthritis of the joint.
