Liverpool Case Study Flashcards
Endogenous factors: land use
- Liverpool Uni and John Moore’s Uni
- Liverpool Central Station -> people commute, transport goods
- Royal Liverpool Uni hospital
- Princess Docks
- Lots of housing and apartment buildings (uni students) -> highly skilled workforce, people can easily work in the city
- Commercial zone -> multiplier effect, attracts people, develops economy
Endogenous factors: economic characteristics
- Approx 50% of population are economically active, majority being full time students or full time employment
- Highest occupation group is managerial or professional jobs (29%)
- Majority of people working in tertiary or quaternary industry
- Only around 20% in primary or secondary industry
- Migration mainly for work, working age population is 93% -> develops diversity so more culture, fills more jobs
Endogenous factors: location
- Ward boundaries follow the River Mersey and several different streets
- Contains the majority of the city centre - more tourism
- Located in north west England
- Lies on the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary adjacent to the Irish Sea -> allows for easy access of transportation
- 9km north from Garston at the bottom of Liverpool
Endogenous factors: built environment
- 19th century characterised by warehouses and merchant houses for the shipping industry
- Since 1990s, the area has undergone redevelopment to improve Liverpool’s nightlife economy
- Redevelopment led to areas of mixed land use: retail, leisure, business -> allows for industry and more goods to be imported and exported
- Hospital- allows for jobs and people can access healthcare
Endogenous factors: physical geography
- River Mersey and Mersey Estuary
- Built on sandstone hills (whole of Liverpool)
Endogenous factors: topography
- 70m above sea level
- Flat land in most areas
Endogenous factors: infrastructure
- Green infrastructure strategy for sustainable management
- International rail links between Liverpool and Manchester rail line
- 19th century docks allow for worldwide trade -> docks are now used for social leisure like restaurants and bars
- 2 airports within a 45 minute drive
- 2 hour train journey to London
Endogenous factors: demographic characteristics
- In the 2021 census, there was a population of 25,000
- 50.9% male, 49.1% female
- 93% are 18-64
- 70% of residents are born in the UK, 8.5% from the EU
- 53% have no religion, 35% are Christians -> diff religions= more diversity so more education on cultures
- 2006 pop = 15,000
- 25,000 students at Liverpool uni
Exogenous factors: proximity to other places
- 34 minute train from Liverpool to Manchester Victoria
- Next to the Irish Sea
- Ferry across to Ireland and the Isle of Man
Exogenous factors: inward investment
- B&M -> shoppers
- Jacob’s crackers -> employs around 500 staff and first ever Jacob’s factory in England
- Unilever - home care and personal care research
- Typhoo tea factory -16,000 tonnes every year
Exogenous factors: tourism
- The Beatles Museum -> attracts lots of fans, hotels used = economic opportunities
- Docks -> good night life, bars, pubs restaurants
Exogenous factors: migration
- 15.5% from Middle East and Asia in central ward
- 8.5% from EU
Shifting flows: flows of people
- Between 2009 to 2015, 143,000 people moved into Liverpool from England and Wales and 154,000 people moved out
- Between the last 2 censuses (2011 and 202) population in Liverpool has increased by 4.2%
- In the centre there has been a 17% population increase
- 7.4% increase in tourism
Shifting flows: flows of ideas and resources
- Albert Dock regeneration in 1980s -> by 2000s, it’s home to cultural giants such as Tate Liverpool and the Beatles Story, bars and restaurants
- European Capital of Culture in 2008
- Footballing culture
- Hosted Eurovision 2023
Shifting flows: flows of money and investment
- In 2007, 60% of employment in the city was in public administration, education and health insurance
- 3 unis creates a highly skilled workforce
- Getting increasingly expensive to live in Liverpool
- TNCs such as Unilever, Amazon and Tesco
- Amazon warehouse jobs are low skilled
Continuity and Change: How have past connections with other places shaped its character in the present?
- 1700s/1800s -> Liverpool accounts for 80% of Britain’s activity in the Atlantic slave trade trade (40% of the world’s)- slave
ships sailed from Liverpool’s docks - First Chinese immigrants arrived at port in 1834 -> Chinese trade, importing tea, cotton and silk from Shanghai- landing point
for Chinese travellers and settled in what is now Chinatown - 1946- Albert Dock opens
- 1880- university built
- 1939-45- WW2 - port stayed open to provide supply route for Britain’s
survival
Continuity and Change: How have new connections with places (in the present) affect Liverpool’s character?
- Tourism - in 2018, 38 million visitors came to the city -> 7.4% increase in numbers
- In 2017, foreign tourism brought in £358 million to the local economy
- 2023 Eurovision in Liverpool- lots of tourists
- International uni students- culture -> visiting family
Continuity and Change: How has the way Liverpool developed in the past affected the character in the present?
- Albert Dock regeneration- bars, restaurants
- Port allowed transportation of goods
External forces: government policies: examples:
- The Merseyside Development Corporation- created to redevelop a large zone of redundant and derelict docklands including the Albert Dock area
- Liverpool’s Albert Dock and Canning Dock were allocated £20 million from Levelling Up Fund
External forces: government policies: Impact on demographic characteristics (MDC)
- City centre housing market has increased to over 20,000 whereas it was non-existent before the work on Albert Dock and the surrounding south docks
- Visitor economy is a major sector which employs over 50,000 people and contributes over £4 bn to LCR economy
External forces: government policies: Impact on cultural characteristics:
- 2018- Albert Dock granted a royal title to mark its role in the city’s maritime history and became known as the Royal Albert Dock Liverpool
- City had over 33 million visitors in 2015 and was 6th most visited city in the UK by overseas visitors and 7th by domestic visitors
- Levelling Up Fund: investment will support Liverpool’s museums and galleries, by boosting access to arts and culture
External forces: decisions of MNCs: examples
- Liverpool One constructed and owned by Grosvenor
-Opening reactivated the centre of the city and propelled the city from the city’s 17th most popular retail destination to 5th - Liverpool FC
External forces: decisions of MNCs: impact on demographic characteristics:
Liverpool One Foundation has:
- Supported an average of 4700 jobs annually for Liverpool residents
- Donated £3 million to support young people and promote positive mental health and wellbeing
Community impact
- Liverpool FC has played a significant role in fostering a sense of belonging and community spirit among its supporters - initiated community projects and charitable activities, demonstrating dedication to social responsibility
- Nurture local talent in football academy and support local businesses and charities
- Reinforced bond between club and community
External forces: decisions of MNCs: impact on cultural characteristics:
Liverpool One’s Cultural Partners Programme:
- Supports and engages with art and cultural organisations and individuals to have a presence at Liverpool One- arts and culture, including music is proven to have +ve impact on wellbeing
- Liverpool One engages with hundreds of artists and cultural organisations to provide spaces and places for artists, groups and organisations to showcase their work and actively engage with visitors
Liverpool FC
- Unique spirit and motto ‘ You’ll Never Walk Alone’
