2.7. New Urban Landscapes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What are new urban landscapes?

A

Cities in developed countries have seen recent changes to their urban form.
We refer to these as “new urban landscapes”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do we mean by ‘town centre mixed developments?
What other functions are town centres developing?

A

Mixed use development blends residential, commercial, cultural, institutional and industrial uses which are interconnected physically and functionally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TCMD:
What have the changes meant for town centres?

A

They may be safely and easily accessed by pedestrians and include multiple functions within a short walk (including even within the same building)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Example of TCMD:
Longbridge Retirement Village

A
  • provides 260 one and two bedroom apartments for over 55s
  • located on the edge of the Longbridge town centre
  • wide range of communal facilities, including a cafe, bar, village hall, well-being suite, village shop, hair and beauty salon, library and IT suite and hobby rooms
  • 50 on site activities per week
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why have we seen more and more urban areas adopting these zones?

A

Many cities across the UK have developed a cultural quarter in order to encourage growth and revitalise the local economy in the arts and creative industries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are cultural and heritage quarters?

A

Cultural quarter- one that has the presence of cultural activity

Heritage quarter- focus upon the historical uniqueness of a place based around small scale industries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Example of a cultural and heritage quarter

A

The Dr Who experience, the Welsh Assembly and one of Europe’s largest civil engineering proffers are all located in Cardiff Bay.

Completed in 1999, a 2km squared freshwater lake with 13km of waterfront continues to stimulate new commercial, tourist and leisure developments, including Techniquest Science Discovery Centre, Craft in the Bay, Butetown History and Arts Centre and the Wales Millennium Centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are edge cities?

A

Relatively large urban areas situated on the outskirts of a major city, typically beside a major road

Characterised by mixed office, residential and leisure spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the causes of edge cities?

A

Some geographers believe that such has been the pace of suburbanisation and the subsequent decentralisation of people and economic activities that suburbs have now matured into centres with city-like qualities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What problems can edge cities create?

A
  • class segregation
  • a diminished sense of community
  • increasing congestion and crime like traditional urban areas
  • more pressure on urban services e.g. hospitals and schools and other infrastructure such as water supplies
  • neglect of urban services leading to their decline as people use services in edge cities instead
  • urban sprawl
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is gentrification?
What does it involve?

A

A form of inner city regeneration which usually involves the movement of affluent, usually young, middle class people into traditionally run-down and cheaper areas of an inner city.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who is responsible for the process of gentrification?

A

Young, middle class people who are wealthy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the causes of gentrification?

A
  • lack of housing
  • rapid job growth
  • traffic congestion
  • urban regeneration policies
  • city planning
  • tax incentives
  • social segregation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the advantages of gentrification?

A

+ increased value of houses
+ local services may be upgraded to better cater for the needs of the new and upwardly mobile population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a disadvantage of gentrification?

A

The trickle down effects aren’t always felt by all and the established working class population may feel alienated and priced out of the local housing market.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an example of an edge city?

A

Bunkers Hill to the east of Lincoln
The site has a mixed use of modern development and includes 500 state homes, primary school, supermarket, dentist, pharmacy, coffee shops and numerous retail units

17
Q

What is a fortress landscape?

A

A planned and physical use of space that creates strong boundaries, and some may argue an increasing polarisation of society.
Landscapes are designed around security, protection, surveillance and exclusion

18
Q

What strategies are adopted within fortress landscapes?

A
  • the term ‘defensible space’ has been adopted by urban planners and architects
  • medieval castles perfectly demonstrated an area or space that could be protected or defended
  • greater use of CCTV
  • railings and fences around private spaces
  • speed bumps
19
Q

How do recent strategies in town planning use some of the ideas of fortress developments?

A
  • they don’t encourage social mixing as only similar high income groups will tend to live in the same defended spaces
  • strategies have looked at preventing crime in an area
  • The British Crime Survey has established that crime, for example burglaries, is not random, but particularly associated with a certain type of built environment
20
Q

How are the strategies for fortress developments received?

A

Can create social segregation so some people disagreed with the strategies

21
Q

Examples of fortress developments

A
  • gated residential developments
  • shopping centres patrolled by private security guards
  • new technologies used to monitor and survey public spaces
  • Bahria town in Pakistan
22
Q

What are the features of a post-modern city?

A
  • fragmented urban form made up of individual settlements
  • emphasis on producer services and knowledge based economy (than manufacturing/ mass production)- tertiary/ quaternary
  • eclectic/ varied architecture- statement making buildings, no uniformed approach
  • greater ethnic diversity but heightened economic and social inequalities and polarisation
23
Q

Example of a post-modern city: Las Vegas

A
  • fragmented city where builders were given free reign to build what and where they want, particularly in the 4 mile Strip
  • 30 minute drive into the Nevada desert
  • massive tourist resort so huge tertiary sector industry, hotels, gambling, recreation, little manufacturing
  • in Vegas, casinos and entertainment venues opened in order to meet the needs of the workforce
  • in 1931, construction began on the Hoover Dam,
  • over the top consumerism of urban architecture
  • tourism creates a range of diversity and cultures
  • Nevada is consistently ranked amongst the highest in the US for violent crime