2.3. Urban processes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a green belt?

A

areas of open space and low density land use around towns where further development was strictly controlled

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1
Q

What is suburbanisation?

A

the movement of people from living in the inner parts of a city to living on the outer edges

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2
Q

What are some of the causes of suburbanisation?

A
  • mid to late 20th century = increased ownership of private cars, railway lines and main roads -> increased commuters
  • 1930s = few planning controls so urban growth took place along main roads
  • 1940s- growth became a concern, leading to the creation of green belts
    -1950s and 60s = large scale construction of council housing on suburban fringe
  • 1970s = increase in private housing estates on suburban fringe as house ownership increased
  • building on suburban fringe = more space
  • out of town supermarkets built on edge of suburbs
  • new housing estates built
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3
Q

What are the impacts of suburbanisation?

A
  • increased social segregation
  • diversion of funding away from inner city areas to suburbs to pay for more infrastructure and services
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4
Q

What is counter-urbanisation

A

The migration of people from major urban areas to smaller urban settlements and rural areas

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5
Q

What are some of the causes of counter-urbanisation?

A
  • people want to escape from air pollution, dirt and crime of urban area
  • aspire to the “rural idyll”
  • car ownership and greater affluence allows commuters
  • many employers have moved out of city
  • improvements of technology allowed more freedom of location
  • rising demand for second homes and earlier retirement
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6
Q

What are some of the impacts of counter-urbanisation?

A
  • hasn’t led to suburban growth in rural areas beyond main city
  • effects layout of rural settlements
  • modern houses built on edges of small settlements and small industrial units on main roads
  • former open areas built on, old properties and some agricultural buildings converted and modernised
  • tension between newcomers and locals
  • bus services to local communities disappeared
  • schools, post offices, churches closed
  • newcomers have wealth and mobility to continue using urban services some distance away
  • increased use of commuter railways
  • increased value of houses
  • outmigration of young village-born adults
  • In-migration of young families
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7
Q

What is urban resurgence?

A
  • refers to the result of regeneration, both economic and structural of an urban area which has suffered a period of decline
  • movement of upwardly mobile people back to the city
  • attracted by 24 hour lifestyles
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8
Q

What are some of the causes of urban resurgence?

A
  • redevelopment schemes made city living more attractive
  • often driven by government-led regeneration schemes
  • redevelopment by private companies led to wholesale transformation of parts of UK cities
  • people choose to live closer to work, entertainment and leisure facilities
  • globalisation and technological change
  • major sporting events
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9
Q

What are some of the effects of urban resurgence?

A
  • pushing out orignal residents of the area
  • becomes more expensive to live there
  • improvement in the environment
  • using brownfield sites
  • positive multiplier effect
  • greater pressure on urban infrastructure
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