2.5. Urban Policy (since 1979) Flashcards

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1
Q

Urban Development Corporation (UDCs) years

A

1979-1990s
conservative government

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2
Q

Why were UDCs needed?

A

By the late 1970s, UK cities were in catastrophic decline.

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3
Q

What are UDCs?

A

Agencies created by the government which used private sector funding to restore derelict areas

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4
Q

What were the aims of the UDCs?

A
  • attract new businesses
  • improve the local environment
  • create jobs
  • build new houses for professionals
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5
Q

What were UDCs criticised for?

A

ignoring the needs of local residents

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6
Q

Enterprise Zones (EZs) years

A

1981- present

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7
Q

Why were EZs needed?

A

Established in areas of high unemployment, aiming to attract start up companies to create jobs

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8
Q

How did EZs improve areas?

A

they reduced tax e.g. on corporations and land

by 1990, the EZs housed over 5000 companies, employing more than 125,000 people

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9
Q

What are the problems with EZs?

A

Tax reductions encouraged many existing companies to move their premises and staff to the EZs which meant a limited number of jobs were created.

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10
Q

What is an example of an EZ?

A

Merseyside Waters Enterprise Zone

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11
Q

What is an example of a UDC?

A
  • London Docklands Development Corporation
  • Liverpool Merseyside Development Corporation
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12
Q

What is the City Challenge programme?

A

Local authorities competed for government funding to regenerate deprived urban areas.

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13
Q

City Challenge years

A

1991-1997

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14
Q

How did the City Challenge programme work?

A

They worked with the local community and private companies to improve the physical, economic and social environment of the area.

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15
Q

What is an example of a City Challenge?

A

Hulme City Challenge

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16
Q

What is a problem with City Challenge?

A

Many deprived areas didn’t receive funding

17
Q

What is a Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP)?

A

The government works with private companies to provide financial support and expertise for urban regeneration

18
Q

What are the aims of LEPs?

A

They are designed to improve physical, economic and social conditions in deprived areas

19
Q

How are LEPs helping regeneration?

A

by building new homes, providing parks and sports centres and reducing unemployment

20
Q

What is an example of a LEP?

A

Liverpool City Regional Local Enterprise Partnership