Limbic System

Question 1

H.O.M.E

Answer 1

-Homeostasis
-Olfaction
-Memory
-Emotional drives

Question 2

Limbic Cortex

Answer 2

-corpus callosum
-cingulate
-uncus
-parahippocampal gyrus
-temporal pole
-medial orbitofrontal gyrus
-insula
-hippocamppus
-amygdala

Question 3

Olfaction

Answer 3

-olfactory n. < olfactory bulb < olfactory tract < primary olfactory cortex < amygdala < olfactory tubercle

Question 4

Working Memory

Answer 4

-short term storage and handling info
-goal relevant
-need for language, prooblem solving, reasoning, multi tasking

-lateral prefrontal cortex
-temporparietal ass cortex

Question 5

Declarative Memory

Answer 5

-memories that can be verbalized (explicit memory)
-recongnizes memory for longer term storage
-not stored in medial temporal lobe
-starts in thlamus selecting inut from temporoparietal ass cortex, encoded into med temporal lobe

1. Encoding: processing, enhanced by attentiveness, arousal, reviewing
2. Consolidation: stabilization of memories
   -synapses through long term pootentiatioon (min-hr)
   -systemic through med temporal lobe (min-decade)
3. Retrieval

Question 6

Declarative Memory: Lobes

Answer 6

Medial Temporal Lobe:
-hippocampus
-fornix: connects hippocampus to mammilary bodies and thalamus
-parahippocampal gyrus
-activated <12yrs

Lateral Prefrontal Cortex:
-voluntary control over medial temp in processing and organizing
-access stored info
-analyzes language
-Retrieval: searches and verifies encooded memories in med temporal
-activated 13+yrs

Question 7

Episodic Declarative Memory

Answer 7

-personal events

Question 8

Semantic Declarative Memory

Answer 8

-learned common knowledge unrelated to personal events

Question 9

Procedural Memory

Answer 9

-implicit or nonconscious
-harder to verbalize
-learned skills or habits
-perceptual skills
Learning Motor sequence: motor and parietal cortices and striatum
Learned Mmt sequence: sup motor areas and putamen/GP

1. Cognitive
2. Associative
3. Automatic

Question 10

Amnesia

Answer 10

-loss of declarative memory

Question 11

Retrograde Amnesia

Answer 11

-looses memories prior to injury
-can create new memories

Question 12

Anterograde Amnesia

Answer 12

-looses memories after injury
-post traumatic amnesia
-cannot create new mems

Question 13

Separation of Procedural and Declarative

Answer 13

-allow ppl to learn subconsciously w/o remembering learning
-encodes enough info to be able to form mems

Question 14

Remote Memory

Answer 14

-long term memory

Question 15

Goal Directed Behavior

Answer 15

-make goal, plan, execute, monitor plan
Lateral PFC: goal directed behavior and working memory
-inhibits bad behavior
-formulates posibilities

Lateral PFC < head of caudate < GPe and PGi < Thalamus

Question 16

Emotion

Answer 16

-short term subjective experience
-can influence perceptions and actions
-can trigger physiologic responses

Question 17

Mood

Answer 17

-enduring subjectiv eongoing emotional experience

Question 18

Emotion Structures

Answer 18

-amygdala
-Medial prefrontal cortex
-thalamus: sadness and depression
-anterior insula: awareness of feelings and internal stimuli
-emotion loop BG

Medial PFC < ventral striatum < thalamus

Question 19

Amygdala

Answer 19

-produces fear, disgust
-interprets social signals
-important for social behavior and emotional learning

Question 20

Emotional Regulation

Answer 20

Automatic: subconscious, ignoring, leaving

Voluntary: conscious, choosing to control emotions

Question 21

Social Behavior

Answer 21

-ventral PFC
-connects with regions ass with mood
-steers behaviors and inhibits undesireable, activates ANS

Ventral PFR < Head caudate < Sub nigra < thalamus
-detects relevant info, self control, understands social disapproval (self awareness)

Question 22

Affect vs Mood

Answer 22

-mood: feeling
-affect: what i’m showing

Question 23

Somatic Marker Hypothesis

Answer 23

-gut feelings

Question 24

Emotional/Social Intelligence

Answer 24

-ventral premotor
-amygdala
-ant insula

Question 25

Stress Response

Answer 25

-disruption of 3 systems
-restores after response but can linger due to feelings/thinking

-Somatic: motor neurons increase tension

-ANS: sympathetic activity sends blood flow to muscles and reduces central

-Neuroendoocrine sys: adrenal medulla to release epi

Question 26

Loss of Goal Directed Behavior

Answer 26

-lack of initiation and follow through
-seen as uncooperative or noncompliant

Question 27

Apathy

Answer 27

-lack of emotion and insight
-may not care to eat or drink

Question 28

Emotional Labile

Answer 28

-uncontrolled crying or laughing
-impaired reg of social behaviors
-delusion, mania, depression, anxiety

Question 29

Personality

Answer 29

Extraversion: ventral PFR

Neurotocism: amygdala, cingulate, medial PFC, hippocampus

Agreeableness: temporoparietal ass, cingulate

Conscientiousness: lateral PFR

Question 30

Intellect

Answer 30

-develop concepts into reason