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Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellum Fuction

A

-adjusts posture and coordinates mmts
-processes proprioceptive info
-compares intended mmt to actual
-make adjustments
-doesn’t cause muscle weakness, just coordination issues

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2
Q

Cerebellar Peduncles

A

Superior: mostly efferents; projects to motor nuclei of thalamus, red nucleus
-afferents from spinocerebellar

Middle: afferents; from contra pontine from cortec and sup colliculus, sensory

Inferior: efferents and afferents;
-afferents: vestibular nuc, inf olivary nuc
-efferent: projectt to vestibulospinal and reticulospinal

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3
Q

Cerebellar Cortical Layers

A

Molecular: interneurons; most superificial

Perkinjie: middle layer; Perkinjie cell bodies; inhibit nuclei; all cerebellar output goes through perkinjie fibers

Granular: interneurons; Deepest layer
-Mossy Fibers: pons and SC to cerebellum
-Climbing fibers: inferior olivary nuc to cerebellum

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4
Q

Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

A

Dont eat geasy food
-lat to medial

Dentate
Emboliform
Globose
Fastigial

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5
Q

Functional Unit of Cerebellum

A

Perkinjie (inhibiory) + Deep nuclear cell (excitatory)

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6
Q

Functional Zones

A

Vestibulocerebellum (Flocculondular lobe)

Spinocerebellum (vermis and inttermediate zone)

Cerebrocerebellum (Lateral hemisphere)

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7
Q

Vestibulocerebellum (Flocculondular lobe)

A

-lateral vestibular nuc
-balance, eve, proximal trunk mmts

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8
Q

Spinocerebellum (vermis and inttermediate zone)

A

-only part of cerebellum receives input directly from SC

-Fastigial nuc (vermis): proximal gross mmts of body limbs, eye and prox trunk
-Interposed Nuc (Intermediate zone): distal limb voluntary mmt

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9
Q

Cerebrocerebellum (Lateral hemisphere)

A

-dentate nuc
-regulates highly skilled mmts and motor planning

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10
Q

Vertebrobasilar A.

A

-posterior circulation of brain
-midbrain, pons, bedulla

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11
Q

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A. (Think of location)

A

-bottom, posterior cerebellum
-tonsils, inferior vermis, inf. peduncle, inf hemisphere
-medulla

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12
Q

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

A

-front and bottom cerebellum
-middle peduncle, anterior middle cerebellum, flocculus
-pons

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13
Q

Superior Cerebellar A.

A

-under CN III
-top of cerebellum
-sup and mid peduncles

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14
Q

Posterior Cerebral A.

A

-posterior cerebrum
-occipital lobe
-Posterior, medial, inferior temporal lobe
-Midbrain
-above CN III

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15
Q

Internal Carotid A.

A

-anterior circulation of brain

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16
Q

Ophthalmic A.

A

eyes

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17
Q

Posterior Communicating A.

A

-connects PCerebralA and ICA
-connects 1 side of ant to post

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18
Q

Anterior Cerebral A.

A

-medial cerebral hemisphere to parietal lobe
-from ICA

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19
Q

Anterior Communicating A.

A

-between ant. cerebral A.

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20
Q

Middle Cerebral A.

A

-lateral cerebral hemisphere

EXCECPT:
-superior and front parietal
-inferior temporal

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21
Q

Vertebral A. Stroke

A

-prone to shear forces from AA joint from abrupt cervical rotation
-gait issues, ataxia, HA

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22
Q

Basilar A. Stroke

A

-complete blockage causes death
affects Midbrain (Weber’s Syndrome), pons
-partial: tetraplegia, numbness, ataxia, CN damage, locked in syndrome (only movements)

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23
Q

Anterior Cerebral A. Stroke

A

-hemiparesis loss to contra side
-personality changes
-lower limb issues

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24
Q

Middle Cerebral A. Stroke

A

-hemiparesis loss to contra side
-face and upper limb issues

L side: aphasia
R side: spacial relationships, nonverbal communication

25
Posteror Cerebral A. Stroke
-midbrain issues (thalamic syndrome and Weber's Syndrome), eye movement issues, cortical blindness (brain cant comprehend vision), ataxia, hemiparesis
26
Pontine Arteries
-supplies pons
27
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A. Stroke
-2nd most common BS stoke -Lateral Inferior Pontine Syndrome: CN V, VII, VIII, Anteriolateral Spinothalamic issues
28
Anterior Spinal A. Stroke
-Medial Medullary Syndrome -CN XII, DCML tract, and Corticospinal
29
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A. Stroke
-Most common BS stroke -Walenberg's (Lateral Medullary Syndrome): Increased HR, balance issues, facial sensation, secretions, pain and temp issues, swallowing
30
Inputs of Vestibulocerebellum
-ipsilateral vestibular nuc and visual cortex -synapses in Flocculonodular lobe
31
Outputs of Vestibulocerebellum
-project to vestib nuc (posture by vestibulospinal tracts, eye mmts)
32
Inputs of Spinocerebellum: High Fidelity
-2 neurons ipsi to cerebellum to provide feedback Posterior Spinocerebellar -LE -1st: propprioceptors from LE and trunk to SC FG & Clark's Nuc -2nd: Posterior Spinaocerebellar Pathway, ipsi into cerebellar ped. to cortex UNCROSSED Cuneocerebellar -UE -1st: propprioceptors from UE and neck to SC FC and synapse to form Cuneocerebellar pathway in medulla, psi into cerebellar ped. to cortex UNCROSSED
33
Inputs of Spinocerebellum: Monitoring System
-internal feedback, monitor spinal interneuron Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract: -LE -TL grey matter, divides and most CROSS at midbrain and then CROSSES AGAIN entering sup CP -each hemisphere gets input from both; automatic coredinated LE movements Rostrospinocerebellar Tract: -UE -grey of cervical SC to T1, to ipsi cerebellum through inf and sup peduncles
34
Outputs of Spinocerebellum
Vermis: Perkinjie cells project to deep nuclei; medial motor tracts Intermediate zone: perkinjie cells project to interposed nuclei; lateral motor tracts; distal muscles of limotor mbs and digits
35
Inputs of Cerebrocerebellar Circuits
-closed cerebro-cerebello-cerebral loop -motor planning and timing -changes in dentatte occur before cortex executes movement -motor and premotor cortices to pontine nuc to lateral cerebellar cortex to dentate nuc to thalamus to cortex Input: cortex info into pons then CROSS; middle CP into lateral cerebellar cortex
36
Outputs of Cerebrocerebellar Circuits
Perkinjies of lat cerebellar cortex synapse with dentate; efferents leave sup CP, CROSS, go to thalamus then cortex
37
Signs of Cerebellar Dysfunction: Everywhere
-coordination but does not affect strength or muscles -Ataxia
38
Vermal Ataxia
-trunk
39
Paravermal Ataxia
-limbs
40
Signs of Cerebellar Dysfunction: Vestibulocerebellum
Nystagmus: bouncy eye mmtts -unsteadiness, trunk ataxia, disequilibrium
41
Signs of Cerebellar Dysfunction: Cerebrocerebellum
Dysarthria: slurred speech -ataxic finger mmts
42
Signs of Cerebellar Dysfunction: Spinocerebellum
-Dysarthria: slurred speech -Scanning/Explosive speech: ataxia of speech; can't regulate tone or pitch -Dysdiadochokinesia: rapid mmt issues -Dysmetria: overshoot or undershoot when moving to a target -Loss of Check/Rebound: quick removal of resistance creates strong response -Movement Decomposition: attempting to move 1 joint at a time; compensation
43
Action Tremor
-shaking limb during mmt
44
Intention Tremor
-tremor worsens closer to a target -delays in agonist activity and delay in antagonist brake
45
Cerebellar Ataxia
-agonsit and antagonist muscles -EC and EO -mirror doesnt help
46
Sensory Ataxia
-DCML -loss of joint position -EO helps -can improve with visual aid
47
Right Lobe
-language -executive functions; working mem, muscle control, goal-directed
48
Left Lobe
-visuospational function -executive functions; working mem, muscle control, goal-directed
49
Anterior Lobe
-mediating unconscious proprioception from SC
50
Posterior Lobe
-initiation, planning and coordination of mmt -scope of mmt -GABA
51
Primary Fissure
-divides ant. and post lobes
52
Vermis
-midline of cerebellum -coordinates mmt of central body, posture -spinocerebellar
53
Paravermal Area
-mmt of distal limbs -skilled voluntary mmt -spinocerebellar -lateral motor tracts
54
Dentate Nucleus
-regulates fine control of mmts, cognition, language -motor planning
55
Globose Nucleus
-connected to vestib, balance
56
Emboliform Nucleus
-regulates precision of limb mmts
57
Interposed Nucleus
Globose+Emboliform= interposed -eyeblinks and reflexes; agonist-antagoinst pairs
58
Fastigial Nucleus
-maintain balance, afferent from vermis, interprets body motion

Neuroanatomy (29 decks)

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