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Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellum Fuction

A

-adjusts posture and coordinates mmts
-processes proprioceptive info
-compares intended mmt to actual
-make adjustments
-doesn’t cause muscle weakness, just coordination issues

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2
Q

Cerebellar Peduncles

A

Superior: mostly efferents; projects to motor nuclei of thalamus, red nucleus
-afferents from spinocerebellar

Middle: afferents; from contra pontine from cortec and sup colliculus, sensory

Inferior: efferents and afferents;
-afferents: vestibular nuc, inf olivary nuc
-efferent: projectt to vestibulospinal and reticulospinal

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3
Q

Cerebellar Cortical Layers

A

Molecular: interneurons; most superificial

Perkinjie: middle layer; Perkinjie cell bodies; inhibit nuclei; all cerebellar output goes through perkinjie fibers

Granular: interneurons; Deepest layer
-Mossy Fibers: pons and SC to cerebellum
-Climbing fibers: inferior olivary nuc to cerebellum

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4
Q

Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

A

Dont eat geasy food
-lat to medial

Dentate
Emboliform
Globose
Fastigial

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5
Q

Functional Unit of Cerebellum

A

Perkinjie (inhibiory) + Deep nuclear cell (excitatory)

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6
Q

Functional Zones

A

Vestibulocerebellum (Flocculondular lobe)

Spinocerebellum (vermis and inttermediate zone)

Cerebrocerebellum (Lateral hemisphere)

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7
Q

Vestibulocerebellum (Flocculondular lobe)

A

-lateral vestibular nuc
-balance, eve, proximal trunk mmts

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8
Q

Spinocerebellum (vermis and inttermediate zone)

A

-only part of cerebellum receives input directly from SC

-Fastigial nuc (vermis): proximal gross mmts of body limbs, eye and prox trunk
-Interposed Nuc (Intermediate zone): distal limb voluntary mmt

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9
Q

Cerebrocerebellum (Lateral hemisphere)

A

-dentate nuc
-regulates highly skilled mmts and motor planning

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10
Q

Vertebrobasilar A.

A

-posterior circulation of brain
-midbrain, pons, bedulla

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11
Q

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A. (Think of location)

A

-bottom, posterior cerebellum
-tonsils, inferior vermis, inf. peduncle, inf hemisphere
-medulla

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12
Q

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

A

-front and bottom cerebellum
-middle peduncle, anterior middle cerebellum, flocculus
-pons

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13
Q

Superior Cerebellar A.

A

-under CN III
-top of cerebellum
-sup and mid peduncles

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14
Q

Posterior Cerebral A.

A

-posterior cerebrum
-occipital lobe
-Posterior, medial, inferior temporal lobe
-Midbrain
-above CN III

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15
Q

Internal Carotid A.

A

-anterior circulation of brain

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16
Q

Ophthalmic A.

A

eyes

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17
Q

Posterior Communicating A.

A

-connects PCerebralA and ICA
-connects 1 side of ant to post

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18
Q

Anterior Cerebral A.

A

-medial cerebral hemisphere to parietal lobe
-from ICA

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19
Q

Anterior Communicating A.

A

-between ant. cerebral A.

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20
Q

Middle Cerebral A.

A

-lateral cerebral hemisphere

EXCECPT:
-superior and front parietal
-inferior temporal

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21
Q

Vertebral A. Stroke

A

-prone to shear forces from AA joint from abrupt cervical rotation
-gait issues, ataxia, HA

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22
Q

Basilar A. Stroke

A

-complete blockage causes death
affects Midbrain (Weber’s Syndrome), pons
-partial: tetraplegia, numbness, ataxia, CN damage, locked in syndrome (only movements)

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23
Q

Anterior Cerebral A. Stroke

A

-hemiparesis loss to contra side
-personality changes
-lower limb issues

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24
Q

Middle Cerebral A. Stroke

A

-hemiparesis loss to contra side
-face and upper limb issues

L side: aphasia
R side: spacial relationships, nonverbal communication

25
Q

Posteror Cerebral A. Stroke

A

-midbrain issues (thalamic syndrome and Weber’s Syndrome), eye movement issues, cortical blindness (brain cant comprehend vision), ataxia, hemiparesis

26
Q

Pontine Arteries

A

-supplies pons

27
Q

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A. Stroke

A

-2nd most common BS stoke
-Lateral Inferior Pontine Syndrome: CN V, VII, VIII, Anteriolateral Spinothalamic issues

28
Q

Anterior Spinal A. Stroke

A

-Medial Medullary Syndrome
-CN XII, DCML tract, and Corticospinal

29
Q

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A. Stroke

A

-Most common BS stroke
-Walenberg’s (Lateral Medullary Syndrome): Increased HR, balance issues, facial sensation, secretions, pain and temp issues, swallowing

30
Q

Inputs of Vestibulocerebellum

A

-ipsilateral vestibular nuc and visual cortex
-synapses in Flocculonodular lobe

31
Q

Outputs of Vestibulocerebellum

A

-project to vestib nuc (posture by vestibulospinal tracts, eye mmts)

32
Q

Inputs of Spinocerebellum: High Fidelity

A

-2 neurons ipsi to cerebellum to provide feedback

Posterior Spinocerebellar
-LE
-1st: propprioceptors from LE and trunk to SC FG & Clark’s Nuc
-2nd: Posterior Spinaocerebellar Pathway, ipsi into cerebellar ped. to cortex UNCROSSED

Cuneocerebellar
-UE
-1st: propprioceptors from UE and neck to SC FC and synapse to form Cuneocerebellar pathway in medulla, psi into cerebellar ped. to cortex UNCROSSED

33
Q

Inputs of Spinocerebellum: Monitoring System

A

-internal feedback, monitor spinal interneuron

Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract:
-LE
-TL grey matter, divides and most CROSS at midbrain and then CROSSES AGAIN entering sup CP
-each hemisphere gets input from both; automatic coredinated LE movements

Rostrospinocerebellar Tract:
-UE
-grey of cervical SC to T1, to ipsi cerebellum through inf and sup peduncles

34
Q

Outputs of Spinocerebellum

A

Vermis: Perkinjie cells project to deep nuclei; medial motor tracts

Intermediate zone: perkinjie cells project to interposed nuclei; lateral motor tracts; distal muscles of limotor mbs and digits

35
Q

Inputs of Cerebrocerebellar Circuits

A

-closed cerebro-cerebello-cerebral loop
-motor planning and timing
-changes in dentatte occur before cortex executes movement
-motor and premotor cortices to pontine nuc to lateral cerebellar cortex to dentate nuc to thalamus to cortex

Input: cortex info into pons then CROSS; middle CP into lateral cerebellar cortex

36
Q

Outputs of Cerebrocerebellar Circuits

A

Perkinjies of lat cerebellar cortex synapse with dentate; efferents leave sup CP, CROSS, go to thalamus then cortex

37
Q

Signs of Cerebellar Dysfunction: Everywhere

A

-coordination but does not affect strength or muscles
-Ataxia

38
Q

Vermal Ataxia

A

-trunk

39
Q

Paravermal Ataxia

A

-limbs

40
Q

Signs of Cerebellar Dysfunction: Vestibulocerebellum

A

Nystagmus: bouncy eye mmtts
-unsteadiness, trunk ataxia, disequilibrium

41
Q

Signs of Cerebellar Dysfunction: Cerebrocerebellum

A

Dysarthria: slurred speech
-ataxic finger mmts

42
Q

Signs of Cerebellar Dysfunction: Spinocerebellum

A

-Dysarthria: slurred speech
-Scanning/Explosive speech: ataxia of speech; can’t regulate tone or pitch
-Dysdiadochokinesia: rapid mmt issues
-Dysmetria: overshoot or undershoot when moving to a target
-Loss of Check/Rebound: quick removal of resistance creates strong response
-Movement Decomposition: attempting to move 1 joint at a time; compensation

43
Q

Action Tremor

A

-shaking limb during mmt

44
Q

Intention Tremor

A

-tremor worsens closer to a target
-delays in agonist activity and delay in antagonist brake

45
Q

Cerebellar Ataxia

A

-agonsit and antagonist muscles
-EC and EO
-mirror doesnt help

46
Q

Sensory Ataxia

A

-DCML
-loss of joint position
-EO helps
-can improve with visual aid

47
Q

Right Lobe

A

-language
-executive functions; working mem, muscle control, goal-directed

48
Q

Left Lobe

A

-visuospational function
-executive functions; working mem, muscle control, goal-directed

49
Q

Anterior Lobe

A

-mediating unconscious proprioception from SC

50
Q

Posterior Lobe

A

-initiation, planning and coordination of mmt
-scope of mmt
-GABA

51
Q

Primary Fissure

A

-divides ant. and post lobes

52
Q

Vermis

A

-midline of cerebellum
-coordinates mmt of central body, posture
-spinocerebellar

53
Q

Paravermal Area

A

-mmt of distal limbs
-skilled voluntary mmt
-spinocerebellar
-lateral motor tracts

54
Q

Dentate Nucleus

A

-regulates fine control of mmts, cognition, language
-motor planning

55
Q

Globose Nucleus

A

-connected to vestib, balance

56
Q

Emboliform Nucleus

A

-regulates precision of limb mmts

57
Q

Interposed Nucleus

A

Globose+Emboliform= interposed
-eyeblinks and reflexes; agonist-antagoinst pairs

58
Q

Fastigial Nucleus

A

-maintain balance, afferent from vermis, interprets body motion

Neuro (29 decks)

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