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Neuro > Diencephalon > Flashcards

Diencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

Diencephalon

A

-subthalamus
-epithalamus
-Thalamus
-Hypothalamus

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2
Q

Subthalamus/Subthalamic Nuclei

A

-superior to substantia nigra
-inferior to thalamus
-Lateral to hypothalamus

-functionally a part of basal ganglia
-initiates and suppresses movement
-excitatory input to basal ganglia

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3
Q

Epithalamus

A

-pineal gland/body biggest in epithalamus
-innervated by SNS
-control carcadian rhythm and glandular secretions

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4
Q

Thalamus

A

-collection of nuclei that actt as a filter and processor of info to cortex from cerebellum, basal gangilia, all sensory (except olfactory)
-regulate neural activity

-recieves blood from PCA (thalamoperforator, thalamoteniculate and posterior chorodial A.)

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5
Q

Thalamic Projections

A

-all projection roject to cortex EXCEPT thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN)
TRN: projects to thalamic nuclei, RF; GABA=inhibitory

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6
Q

Relay Nuclei

A

-infor from basal ganglia, cerebellum, or sensory sys. to cerebral cortex
-motor, sensation, hearing, vision

Leision
-can disrupt contra sensation (proprioception)
-thalamic pain syndrome
-Lateropulsion/Pusher Syndrome: pushing toward weak side where it is believed to have equilibrium

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7
Q

Association Nuclei

A

-process memory and emotional info
-connect areas of cortex
-sensory integration

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8
Q

Nonspecific Nuclei

A

-consiousness, arousal and attention

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9
Q

Cerebellar and Thalamus Pathways

A

-cerebellum projects through superior cerebellar peduncle to thalamus
-spinocerebellar
-Closed Cerebro-cerebellar-cerebral loop: from lateral cerebellar cortex afferents through middle CP, efferents leave thru superior CP

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10
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Homeostasis: Vitals, digestion, sleep
Endocrine: growth, metabolism, reproduction
Autonomic control: SNS
Limbic system: emotions

-mammilarry bodies are post. hypothalamus

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11
Q

Hypothalamic Homeostasis Control

A

-carcadian rhy: light receptors
-appetite
-thirst: osmorrerceptors
-body temp
-sexual development

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12
Q

Hypothalamic Endocrine Contol

A

-Hypothal to infundibulum to pituitary stalk to pituitary gland

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13
Q

Hypothalamic Limbic Control/Amygdala

A

-emotional influences on ANS and homeostasis
-Hippocampus > fornix > mammillary bodies > mammilothalamic tract > thalamus > limbic cortex in cingulate gyrus

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14
Q

Clinical Implications

A

-pituitary tumor 10-17% of all intracranial neoplasms
-can put pressure on optic chiasm causing Bitemportal Hemianopia

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15
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A

-continuous with brain
-release neurohormones

ADH, Oxcytocin

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16
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A

outgrowth of epthelial tissue
-activated by neurohormones that then release/inhibit specific hormones

GH, TSH, ACTH, LH

17
Q

Growth Hormone

A

-stimulates skeletal and visceral growth
-increases after stress

18
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

A

-stimulates the thyroid to release T3 and T4
-growth, development, metabolism

19
Q

Adenocorticotrophic Hormone

A

-ACTH
-release of gluticosteroids from adrenal cortex
-inhibits immune reaction, inflammation, protein breakdown

20
Q

Luteinizing Hormone/Folicle Stimulating Hormone

A

-lactating and maturation of gonads

21
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone

A

-maintains pH and fluid levels
-increase absorbtion in kidneys

22
Q

Oxcytocin

A

-uterine contractions and milk expulsion

23
Q

Bitemporal Hemianopia

A

-pituitary tumor puttiing pressure on optic chiasm takes out temoral fibers but keeps nasal
-Loss of vision on both sides of visual field
L eye: no left half vision
R eye: no right half vision

24
Q

Pineal Body

A

-rest btwn superior coliculi
-part of epithalamus
-secretes melatonin for body’s carcadian rhythm
-modulate onset of puberty

25
Q

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

A

-posterior aspect of thalamus
-relay station for visual info from retina

26
Q

Medial Geniculate Nucleus

A

-ventrolateral aspect of thalamus
-major auditory nucleus of thalamus
-directing auditory attention from inf. colliculi

27
Q

Amygdala

A

-anterior hippocampus
-center of emotions, behavior and motivation
-process fearful info to detect harm and activate appropriate response

28
Q

Fornix

A

-white matter tract connecting to hipocampus
-transmit info from hippocampus to mammilary bodies

29
Q

Cingulate Gyrus

A

-limbic system; process emotions and regulate ANS

30
Q

Septum pellucidum

A

-partition bettween lateral ventricles

31
Q

Mammilary Bodies

A

-Recollective memory
-limbic sys

Neuro (29 decks)

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