Lesson 8 Flashcards
skeletal system
composed of bones, cartilages, and ligaments joined to form a framework for the body
osteology
study of bone
how many major bones are in the human body?
206
_____ is the forerunner of most bones and covers joint surfaces
cartilage
_____ hold bones together at joint
ligaments
_____ attach muscle to bone
tendons
roles of the skeleton (6)
- support
- movement
- protection
- electrolyte and acid-base balance
- blood formation
- hormone secretion
osseous tissue
connective tissue with the matrix hardened by calcium phosphate and other minerals
mineralization/calcification
the hardening process of bone
flat bones
thin, curved plates; protect soft organs
examples of flat bones (5)
parietal bones of the skull, sternum, scapula, ribs, hip bones
long bones
longer than wide; rigid levers acted upon by muscles; crucial for movement
examples of long bones (9)
humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges
short bones
approximately equal in length and width
examples of short bones (2)
bones of the wrists and ankles
irregular bones
elaborate shapes
examples of irregular bones
vertebrae and some skull bones
what do depressions, groves, and tunnels indicated along the bone surface?
where blood vessels and nerves run along side the bone of enter bone
what do elevations or projections indicate on bone?
where tendons and ligaments attach onto bone; where joints occur with bone
compact bone
dense outer shell of bone; enclosed the marrow (medullary) cavity containing yellow marrow
spongy bone
loosely organized bone tissue found in the ends and center of long bones and in the middle of nearly all others
skeleton is _____ compact and ____ spongy bone by weight
3/4, 1/4
diaphysis
shaft that provides leverage
epiphysis
enlarged end of a long bone; strengthen join and anchor ligaments and tendons
epiphyseal line
remnant of childhood growth zone; epiphyseal plate (composed of cartilage)
articular cartilage
layer of hyaline cartilage that covers joint surfaces; allows joint to move more freely
periosteum
external sheath covering most of bone