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Anatomy and Physiology > Lesson 7 > Flashcards

Lesson 7 Flashcards

1
Q

afferent neuron

A

sensory neuron

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2
Q

arachnoid matter

A

weblike middle membrane of the meninges

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3
Q

axons

A

nerve sell structures that carries impulses away from cell bodies to dendrites

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4
Q

brain stem

A

portion of the brain other than cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum

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5
Q

brain tumor

A

a mass or growth or normal cells in the brain

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6
Q

cerebellum

A

structure of the brain behind the pons and below the cerebrum

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7
Q

cerebrum

A

the largest part of the brain

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8
Q

choroid plexus

A

the network of blood vessels of the pia mater

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9
Q

concussion

A

severe blow to the head; may cause temporary loss of consciousness

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10
Q

dementia

A

loss in at least two areas of complex

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11
Q

dendrites

A

nerve cell processes that carries nerve cell impulses toward the cell body

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12
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

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13
Q

epilepsy

A

seizure disorder

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14
Q

fissures

A

the deep furrows within the brain matter

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15
Q

frontal lobe

A

in the cerebral cortex it controls the motor function

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16
Q

gyri

A

convulsions in the brain

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17
Q

hematoma

A

localized clotted mass of blood formed in an organ, tissue, or space

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18
Q

hypothalamus

A

part of the diencephalon; lies below the thalamus

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19
Q

memory

A

process by which humans store information they have learned

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20
Q

meninges

A

any of three linings enclosing the brain and spinal cord

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21
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord

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22
Q

neuron

A

nerve cell including its processes

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23
Q

nystagmus

A

rapid involuntary movement of the eyeball

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24
Q

occipital lobe

A

part of the cerebrum that houses the visual area

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25
Q

parietal lobe

A

the division of the cerebrum that lies beneath the parietal bone

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26
Q

pia mater

A

innermost vascular covering of the brain and spinal cord

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27
Q

pons

A

part of the brain stem

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28
Q

spastic quadriplegia

A

spastic paralysis of all four limbs

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29
Q

sulci

A

fissures or grooves separating cerebral convulsions

30
Q

synapse

A

space between adjacent neurons through which an impulse is transmitted

31
Q

thalamus

A

part of the diencephalon; relays sensory stimuli to the cerebral cortex

32
Q

West Nile Virus

A

a mosquito borne virus

33
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

progressive disease with degeneration of nerve endings in the cortex of the brain that block the signals that pass between nerve cells

34
Q

associative neuron

A

carries messages from sensory neuron to motor neuron; also called interneuron

35
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

collection of nerves, ganglia, and plexuses through which visceral organs, heart, blood vessels, glands, and smooth muscle receive stimulation

36
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

choroid plexus capillaries in the brain differ in their selective permeability, thus drugs carried in the blood stream are not able to penetrate the brain tissue

37
Q

central nervous system

A

consists of the structures of the brain and spinal cord

38
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

a narrow canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain

39
Q

cerebral cortex

A

a layer of gray matter covering the upper and lower surfaces of the cerebrum

40
Q

cerebral palsy

A

a disturbance in voluntary muscle action due to brain damage

41
Q

cerebral ventricles

A

four lined cavities within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid; also called lateral ventricles

42
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

a substance that forms within the four brain ventricles from the blood vessels of the choroid plexus; this serves as a shock absorber to protect the brain and spinal cord

43
Q

diencephalon

A

posterior part of the brain; contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland

44
Q

dura mater

A

fibrous membrane forming the outermost covering of the brain and spinal cord

45
Q

essential tremor

A

a nerve disorder causing tremors to occur in a person who is moving or trying to move; not usually associated with Parkinson’s disease

46
Q

fourth ventricle

A

a structure of the brain situated below the third ventricle, in front of the cerebellum and behind the pons and medulla oblongata

47
Q

glial cell

A

nerve cell, sometimes referred to as nerve glue, also known as neuroglial cell

48
Q

hydrocephalus

A

increase in the volume of cerebrospinal fluid within the cerebral ventricles; may occur in fetal development

49
Q

interventricular foramen

A

the area that connects the third ventricle of the brain to the two lateral ventricles

50
Q

limbic lobe

A

located in the center of the brain beneath the other four cerebral lobes; influences unconscious instinctive behavior

51
Q

lumbar puncture

A

removal of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes by insertion of a needle between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae

52
Q

medulla oblongata

A

part of the brain stem; contains the nuclei for vital functions

53
Q

membrane excitability

A

ability of nerves to carry impulses by creating electric charges

54
Q

motor neuron

A

carries messages from the brain and spinal chord to muscles and glands; also called efferent neuron

55
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

chronic inflammatory disease in which the immune cells attack the myelin sheath of a nerve

56
Q

myelin sheath

A

layers of cell membrane that wrap around nerve fibers, providing electrical insulation and increase in the velocity of the velocity of impulse transmission

57
Q

neurolgia

A

a network of cells that insulate, support and protect the nerves of the central nervous system; also called glial cells

58
Q

neurotransmitter

A

a chemical substance that makes it possible for messages to cross the synapse of a neuron to a target receptor

59
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of the lower extremities caused by severe injury to the spinal cord i the thoracic or lumbar region, resulting in the loss of sensory or motor control below the area of injury

60
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

condition characterized by marked tremors; may be to to a decrease in the amount of the neurotransmitter dopamine

61
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

made up of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

62
Q

poliomyelitis

A

disease of the nerve pathways of the spinal cord; rarely seen because of the polio vaccine

63
Q

quadriplegia

A

follows severe trauma to the spinal cord below the C1-C4 vertebrae in which there is loss of movement in all four extremities with accompanying loss of bowel, bladder, and sexual function

64
Q

sensory neuron

A

nerve that carries nerve impulses from the periphery to the central nervous system; also known as afferent neuron

65
Q

spinal cord

A

part of the central nervous system within the spinal column; begins at the foramen magnum of occipital bone and continues to the second lumbar vertebrae

66
Q

synaptic cleft

A

space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another

67
Q

temporal lobe

A

part of the cerebral hemisphere associated with the perception and interpretation of sound

68
Q

third ventricle

A

a cavity within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid; located behind and below the lateral ventricles

69
Q

neurotransmitter

A

a chemical substance that makes it possible for messages to cross the synapse of a neuron to a target receptor

70
Q

brain tumor

A

a mass or growth of abnormal cells in the brain

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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