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Anatomy and Physiology > Lesson 12 > Flashcards

Lesson 12 Flashcards

1
Q

dyspnea

A

labored breathing or difficult breathing

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2
Q

edema

A

excessive fluid in tissues

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3
Q

endocarditis

A

an inflammation of the membrane that lines the heart and covers the valves

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4
Q

endocardium

A

membrane lining the interior of the heart

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5
Q

epicardium

A

the tough outer membrane of the heart; also known as the parietal pericardium

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6
Q

heart failure

A

condition in which heart ventricles do not contract effectively

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7
Q

left ventricle

A

one of the lower chambers of the heart

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8
Q

lupp dupp sound

A

sounds made by the heart valves when they close

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9
Q

murmurs

A

gurgling or hissing sounds made by the heart valves that are failing to close properly

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10
Q

cardiac output

A

the total volume of blood ejected from the heart per minute

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11
Q

cardiac stent

A

device inserted into an artery to open a clog or plaque build up

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12
Q

cardiotonic

A

drug to slow and strengthen the heart

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13
Q

conduction defect

A

a defect in the electrical impulse system of the heart

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14
Q

coronary sinus

A

pocket in posterior of right atrium into which the coronary vein empties

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15
Q

diuretic

A

drug to reduce the amount of fluid in the body

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16
Q

angina pectoris

A

severe chest pain caused by lack of blood supply to heart

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17
Q

angioplasty

A

balloon surgery to open blocked blood vessels

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18
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body rising from the left ventricle of the heart

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19
Q

arrythmia

A

absence of a normal heartbeat rhythm

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20
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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21
Q

atrioventricular bundle

A

conducting fibers in the septum; also known as the bundle of His

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22
Q

atrium

A

upper chamber of the heart

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23
Q

bicuspid (mitral) valve

A

atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

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24
Q

bradycardia

A

abnormally slow heartbeat, less than 60 bpm

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25
cardiac arrest
syndrome resulting from failure of the heart as a pump
26
myocardial infarction
a heart attack caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle
27
myocarditis
inflammation of the muscular tissue of the heart
28
myocardium
muscle of the heart
29
palpitations
irregular, rapid pulsations of the heart
30
pericarditis
inflammation of the outer membrane covering the heart
31
pericardium
closed membranous sac surrounding the heart
32
pulmonary artery
structure that takes blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
33
pulmonary vein
structure that takes blood from the lungs to the left atrium
34
Purkinje fibers
conduction fibers that conduct impulses through the ventricles of the heart
35
right ventricle
one of the lower chambers of the heart
36
stethoscope
instrument used for detection and study of sounds arising within the body
37
stroke volume
the amount of blood ejected from the ventricles with each heartbeat
38
tachycardia
abnormally rapid heartbeat
39
tricuspid valve
three part valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle
40
vena cava
large blood vessel that returns blood to the right atrium; there are two: superior and inferior
41
aortic semilunar valve
made up of three half moon shaped cups located between the junction of the aorta and the left ventricle of the heart
42
atrial fibrilation
occurs when abnormal impulses from the atria bombard the AV node; this action causes the ventricles to beat faster and a person can experience tachycardia
43
atrioventricular (AV) node
small mass of interwoven conducting tissue located between the atria and ventricles
44
cardiac catheterization
a diagnostic test in which a catheter is inserted into the femoral artery or vein and fed up into the heart
45
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
life saving technique that keeps oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other vital organs
46
chordae tendineae
small fibrous strands connecting the edges of the tricuspid valve to the papillary muscles that are projections of the myocardium
47
congestive heart failure
in right sided heart failure fluid builds up throughout the body, edema is first noticed in lower extremities; in left sided heart failure, fluid accumulates in the lungs
48
coronary artery disease
a condition in which the arteries are narrowed affecting the supply of oxygen and nutrients to heart muscle
49
coronary bypass
a shunt to go around an are of blockage in the coronary arteries to provide blood supply to the myocardium
50
defibrillator
an electrical device used to discharge an electrical current to shock the pacemaker of the heart back to a normal rhythm
51
electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
device used to measure the electric conduction system of the heart
52
exercise stress test
having a patient walk on a treadmill while being monitored by an EKG; this is to determine if exercise brings about changes in the electrocardiogram
53
heart block
interruption of the SA node message to the AV node, resulting in a lack of coordination between the atria and the ventricles
54
mitral valve prolapse
condition in which the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle does not close properly
55
premature contractions
refers to an arrhythmic disorder that occurs when an area of the heart known as an ectopic pacemaker (not the SA node) sparks and stimulates contraction of the myocardium
56
premature ventricular contractions
contractions (PVCs) originate in the ventricles and cause contractions ahead of the next anticipated beat; can be benign or deadly (ventricular fibrillation)
57
pulmonary semilunar valve
heart valve at the opening of the pulmonary artery that allows blood to flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery
58
rheumatic heart disease
a disease of the lining of the heart, especially the mitral valve; thought to be caused by frequent strep throat infections
59
septum
partition; dividing wall between two spaces or cavities, such as the septum between the right and left sides of the heart or nose
60
sinoatrial node (SA)
dense network of fibers of conduction at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium; it sends out an electrical impulse that begins and regulates the heart rate; also called pacemaker
61
transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR)
the uses of lasers to puncture holes in the heart muscle to improve blood flow
62
ventricular fibrillation
the rhythm of the heart breaks down and muscle fibers contact at random without coordination; this results in ineffective heart action and a life threatening situation; defibrillator used to shock SA node back in control
63
pulmonary veins
structures that take blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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