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Anatomy and Physiology > Lesson 12 > Flashcards

Lesson 12 Flashcards

1
Q

dyspnea

A

labored breathing or difficult breathing

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2
Q

edema

A

excessive fluid in tissues

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3
Q

endocarditis

A

an inflammation of the membrane that lines the heart and covers the valves

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4
Q

endocardium

A

membrane lining the interior of the heart

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5
Q

epicardium

A

the tough outer membrane of the heart; also known as the parietal pericardium

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6
Q

heart failure

A

condition in which heart ventricles do not contract effectively

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7
Q

left ventricle

A

one of the lower chambers of the heart

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8
Q

lupp dupp sound

A

sounds made by the heart valves when they close

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9
Q

murmurs

A

gurgling or hissing sounds made by the heart valves that are failing to close properly

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10
Q

cardiac output

A

the total volume of blood ejected from the heart per minute

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11
Q

cardiac stent

A

device inserted into an artery to open a clog or plaque build up

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12
Q

cardiotonic

A

drug to slow and strengthen the heart

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13
Q

conduction defect

A

a defect in the electrical impulse system of the heart

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14
Q

coronary sinus

A

pocket in posterior of right atrium into which the coronary vein empties

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15
Q

diuretic

A

drug to reduce the amount of fluid in the body

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16
Q

angina pectoris

A

severe chest pain caused by lack of blood supply to heart

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17
Q

angioplasty

A

balloon surgery to open blocked blood vessels

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18
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body rising from the left ventricle of the heart

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19
Q

arrythmia

A

absence of a normal heartbeat rhythm

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20
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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21
Q

atrioventricular bundle

A

conducting fibers in the septum; also known as the bundle of His

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22
Q

atrium

A

upper chamber of the heart

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23
Q

bicuspid (mitral) valve

A

atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

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24
Q

bradycardia

A

abnormally slow heartbeat, less than 60 bpm

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25
Q

cardiac arrest

A

syndrome resulting from failure of the heart as a pump

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26
Q

myocardial infarction

A

a heart attack caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle

27
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the muscular tissue of the heart

28
Q

myocardium

A

muscle of the heart

29
Q

palpitations

A

irregular, rapid pulsations of the heart

30
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the outer membrane covering the heart

31
Q

pericardium

A

closed membranous sac surrounding the heart

32
Q

pulmonary artery

A

structure that takes blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

33
Q

pulmonary vein

A

structure that takes blood from the lungs to the left atrium

34
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

conduction fibers that conduct impulses through the ventricles of the heart

35
Q

right ventricle

A

one of the lower chambers of the heart

36
Q

stethoscope

A

instrument used for detection and study of sounds arising within the body

37
Q

stroke volume

A

the amount of blood ejected from the ventricles with each heartbeat

38
Q

tachycardia

A

abnormally rapid heartbeat

39
Q

tricuspid valve

A

three part valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle

40
Q

vena cava

A

large blood vessel that returns blood to the right atrium; there are two: superior and inferior

41
Q

aortic semilunar valve

A

made up of three half moon shaped cups located between the junction of the aorta and the left ventricle of the heart

42
Q

atrial fibrilation

A

occurs when abnormal impulses from the atria bombard the AV node; this action causes the ventricles to beat faster and a person can experience tachycardia

43
Q

atrioventricular (AV) node

A

small mass of interwoven conducting tissue located between the atria and ventricles

44
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

a diagnostic test in which a catheter is inserted into the femoral artery or vein and fed up into the heart

45
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

life saving technique that keeps oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other vital organs

46
Q

chordae tendineae

A

small fibrous strands connecting the edges of the tricuspid valve to the papillary muscles that are projections of the myocardium

47
Q

congestive heart failure

A

in right sided heart failure fluid builds up throughout the body, edema is first noticed in lower extremities; in left sided heart failure, fluid accumulates in the lungs

48
Q

coronary artery disease

A

a condition in which the arteries are narrowed affecting the supply of oxygen and nutrients to heart muscle

49
Q

coronary bypass

A

a shunt to go around an are of blockage in the coronary arteries to provide blood supply to the myocardium

50
Q

defibrillator

A

an electrical device used to discharge an electrical current to shock the pacemaker of the heart back to a normal rhythm

51
Q

electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

A

device used to measure the electric conduction system of the heart

52
Q

exercise stress test

A

having a patient walk on a treadmill while being monitored by an EKG; this is to determine if exercise brings about changes in the electrocardiogram

53
Q

heart block

A

interruption of the SA node message to the AV node, resulting in a lack of coordination between the atria and the ventricles

54
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

condition in which the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle does not close properly

55
Q

premature contractions

A

refers to an arrhythmic disorder that occurs when an area of the heart known as an ectopic pacemaker (not the SA node) sparks and stimulates contraction of the myocardium

56
Q

premature ventricular contractions

A

contractions (PVCs) originate in the ventricles and cause contractions ahead of the next anticipated beat; can be benign or deadly (ventricular fibrillation)

57
Q

pulmonary semilunar valve

A

heart valve at the opening of the pulmonary artery that allows blood to flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery

58
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

a disease of the lining of the heart, especially the mitral valve; thought to be caused by frequent strep throat infections

59
Q

septum

A

partition; dividing wall between two spaces or cavities, such as the septum between the right and left sides of the heart or nose

60
Q

sinoatrial node (SA)

A

dense network of fibers of conduction at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium; it sends out an electrical impulse that begins and regulates the heart rate; also called pacemaker

61
Q

transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR)

A

the uses of lasers to puncture holes in the heart muscle to improve blood flow

62
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

the rhythm of the heart breaks down and muscle fibers contact at random without coordination; this results in ineffective heart action and a life threatening situation; defibrillator used to shock SA node back in control

63
Q

pulmonary veins

A

structures that take blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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