Lesson 12 Flashcards
dyspnea
labored breathing or difficult breathing
edema
excessive fluid in tissues
endocarditis
an inflammation of the membrane that lines the heart and covers the valves
endocardium
membrane lining the interior of the heart
epicardium
the tough outer membrane of the heart; also known as the parietal pericardium
heart failure
condition in which heart ventricles do not contract effectively
left ventricle
one of the lower chambers of the heart
lupp dupp sound
sounds made by the heart valves when they close
murmurs
gurgling or hissing sounds made by the heart valves that are failing to close properly
cardiac output
the total volume of blood ejected from the heart per minute
cardiac stent
device inserted into an artery to open a clog or plaque build up
cardiotonic
drug to slow and strengthen the heart
conduction defect
a defect in the electrical impulse system of the heart
coronary sinus
pocket in posterior of right atrium into which the coronary vein empties
diuretic
drug to reduce the amount of fluid in the body
angina pectoris
severe chest pain caused by lack of blood supply to heart
angioplasty
balloon surgery to open blocked blood vessels
aorta
largest artery in the body rising from the left ventricle of the heart
arrythmia
absence of a normal heartbeat rhythm
ascites
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
atrioventricular bundle
conducting fibers in the septum; also known as the bundle of His
atrium
upper chamber of the heart
bicuspid (mitral) valve
atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
bradycardia
abnormally slow heartbeat, less than 60 bpm
cardiac arrest
syndrome resulting from failure of the heart as a pump
myocardial infarction
a heart attack caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle
myocarditis
inflammation of the muscular tissue of the heart
myocardium
muscle of the heart
palpitations
irregular, rapid pulsations of the heart
pericarditis
inflammation of the outer membrane covering the heart
pericardium
closed membranous sac surrounding the heart
pulmonary artery
structure that takes blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
pulmonary vein
structure that takes blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Purkinje fibers
conduction fibers that conduct impulses through the ventricles of the heart
right ventricle
one of the lower chambers of the heart
stethoscope
instrument used for detection and study of sounds arising within the body
stroke volume
the amount of blood ejected from the ventricles with each heartbeat
tachycardia
abnormally rapid heartbeat
tricuspid valve
three part valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle
vena cava
large blood vessel that returns blood to the right atrium; there are two: superior and inferior
aortic semilunar valve
made up of three half moon shaped cups located between the junction of the aorta and the left ventricle of the heart
atrial fibrilation
occurs when abnormal impulses from the atria bombard the AV node; this action causes the ventricles to beat faster and a person can experience tachycardia
atrioventricular (AV) node
small mass of interwoven conducting tissue located between the atria and ventricles
cardiac catheterization
a diagnostic test in which a catheter is inserted into the femoral artery or vein and fed up into the heart
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
life saving technique that keeps oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other vital organs
chordae tendineae
small fibrous strands connecting the edges of the tricuspid valve to the papillary muscles that are projections of the myocardium
congestive heart failure
in right sided heart failure fluid builds up throughout the body, edema is first noticed in lower extremities; in left sided heart failure, fluid accumulates in the lungs
coronary artery disease
a condition in which the arteries are narrowed affecting the supply of oxygen and nutrients to heart muscle
coronary bypass
a shunt to go around an are of blockage in the coronary arteries to provide blood supply to the myocardium
defibrillator
an electrical device used to discharge an electrical current to shock the pacemaker of the heart back to a normal rhythm
electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
device used to measure the electric conduction system of the heart
exercise stress test
having a patient walk on a treadmill while being monitored by an EKG; this is to determine if exercise brings about changes in the electrocardiogram
heart block
interruption of the SA node message to the AV node, resulting in a lack of coordination between the atria and the ventricles
mitral valve prolapse
condition in which the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle does not close properly
premature contractions
refers to an arrhythmic disorder that occurs when an area of the heart known as an ectopic pacemaker (not the SA node) sparks and stimulates contraction of the myocardium
premature ventricular contractions
contractions (PVCs) originate in the ventricles and cause contractions ahead of the next anticipated beat; can be benign or deadly (ventricular fibrillation)
pulmonary semilunar valve
heart valve at the opening of the pulmonary artery that allows blood to flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery
rheumatic heart disease
a disease of the lining of the heart, especially the mitral valve; thought to be caused by frequent strep throat infections
septum
partition; dividing wall between two spaces or cavities, such as the septum between the right and left sides of the heart or nose
sinoatrial node (SA)
dense network of fibers of conduction at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium; it sends out an electrical impulse that begins and regulates the heart rate; also called pacemaker
transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR)
the uses of lasers to puncture holes in the heart muscle to improve blood flow
ventricular fibrillation
the rhythm of the heart breaks down and muscle fibers contact at random without coordination; this results in ineffective heart action and a life threatening situation; defibrillator used to shock SA node back in control
pulmonary veins
structures that take blood from the lungs to the left atrium