Lesson 16 Flashcards
absorption
passing of a substance into bodily fluids and tissues
acini cella
cells in the pacreas that produce digestive juices
alimentary canal
entire digestive tube from mouth to anus
appendicitis
inflammation of appendix
bicuspids
premolars of the adult teeth; they have two ridges or cusps used for grinding foods
bile
substance produced by liver, emulsifies fat
bolus
rounded mass; food prepared by mouth for swallowing
canines
sharp teeth for tearing between incisors and premolars
cecum
ouch at the proximal end of the large intestine
cholecystitis
inflammtion of the gallbladder
periodontal membrane
membrane that anchors a tooth in place
peritonitis
inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity
protease
pancreatic juice that breaks down protein into amino acid
pulp cavity
inside of the tooth hat contains blood vessels and nerves
pyloric stenosis
narrowing of the pyloric sphincter
pylorospasm
vomiting due to undigested food due to failureof the pyloric sphincter to relax
rugae
wrinkles or folds
salivary amylase
found in saliva; converts starches into simple sugars
sigmoid colon
distal s shapes part of the colon
stomatitis
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth
colostomy
artificial opening from the colon onto the surface of the skin
crown
part of tooth that is visible
cystic duct
duct from gallbladder to common bile duct
deciduous
temporary teeth one starts to lose around the age of six
defecation
elimination of waste from the rectum
dentin
main part of tooth, located under the enamel
diverticulitis
inflammation of the wall of the colon
diverticulosis
numerous diverticula (little sacs in the wall of the colon)
duodenum
first part of the small intestine, beginning at the pyloric sphincter of the stomach
enamel
hard calcium substance that covers the teeth
chyme
food that has undergone gastric digestion
cleft palate
when the palatine bones do not close properly during early fetal development
enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine
esophagus
muscular tube that takes food from the pharynx to the stomach
gallbladder
a small pear shaped organ under the right lobe of the liver that stores bile
gallstones
crystallized cholesterol that forms in the gallbladder
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and small intestines
gingivae
gums
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
hepatic duct
structure from the liver to the common bile duct that carries bile
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
hiatal hernia
disorder that occurs when the stomach pushes through the diaphragm
ileum
the lower part of the small intestine extending from the jejunum to the large intestine
incisors
cutting teeth, one of four front teeth
jejunum
section of small intestines between duodenum and ileum
lipase
enzyme that changes fats into fatty acids and glycerols
liver
large organ of the digestive system located in upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity
masticated
food has been chewed or prepared for swallowing and digestion
mesentery
peritoneum attached to posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
molars
teeth designed for crushing and tearing
neck (of tooth)
the part of tooth at the gumline
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
parotid glands
largest of the salivary glands
sublingual glands
salivary glands located under the sides of the tongue
submandibular gland
salivary gland located near the angle of the lower jaw
ulcer
inflammation that occurs on the musosal skin surface
uvula
projection hanging from the soft palate in the back of the throat
vermiform appendix
amll, blind gut projecting from the cecum
villi
hairlike projections, as in the intestinal mucous membrane
wisdom teeth
third molar teeth in the adult mouth
ascending colon
portion of the colon that travels up the right side of the abdominal cavity
celiac disease
a genetic autoimmune disease when the ingestion of gluten leads to damage of the lining of the small intestine
cirrhosis
chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the liver characterized by the formation of fibrous connective tissue
cleft lip
when the tissue that forms the baby’s mouth or lips does not close properly during early stages of fetal development
colon
known as the large intestine; about 5 feet in length and 2 inches in diameter, divided into ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon
colorectal cancer
cancer of both the large intestine and rectum
common bile duct
formed by the union of the hepatic duct and cystic duct; brings bile to the duodenum
descending colon
portion of the colon that travels down from the splenic flexure on the left side of the abdomen
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
condition in which stomach contents flow back into the esophagus
greater omentum
double fold of peritoneum that hangs down over the abdominal organs like an apron
haustra
the longitudinal muscle layer of the colon is in three bands called the tenae coli, the colon is gathered to fit these bands giving it a puckered appearance, these are called haustra and give the colon more surface area
histamine
a substance that increases gastric secretions; a substance released by mast cells when tissue is injured or in an allergic or inflammatory reaction
ileocecal valve
an opening in the side wall of the large intestine that permits passage of chyme from large intestine and prevents backflow of chyme into the ileum
inflammatory bowel disease
a disorder affecting the digestive system that is characterized by chronic diarrhea
irritable bowel syndrome
a group of symptoms that affects the large intestine including cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea and constipation
lingual frenulum
bad of tissue that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth thus limiting the motion of the tongue
peptic ulcers
sores or lesions that form in the lining of the stomach or duodenum; usually caused by H.pylori
periodontal disease
a chronic bacterial infection of the gums and surrounding tissue that causes oral bacteria to enter the bloodstream
peristalsis
progressive wave of contraction in tubular structures provided with longitudinal and transverse muscle fibers as in esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, moves material along the structures
pyloric sphincter
valve that regulates entrance of food from the stomach to the duodenum
segmented movement
single segments of the intestine alternate between contraction and relaxation
stomach
a major organ if digestion; a pouch like structure located in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity between the esophagus and duodenum
taste buds
cells on the papillae of the tongue that can distinguish salt, bitter, sweet, umami, and sour qualities of dissolved substances
transverse colon
portion of the colon that veers left across the abdomen to just below the spleen
ptyalin
found in salivary amylase; converts starches into simple sugars
