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Anatomy and Physiology > Lesson 16 > Flashcards

Lesson 16 Flashcards

1
Q

absorption

A

passing of a substance into bodily fluids and tissues

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2
Q

acini cella

A

cells in the pacreas that produce digestive juices

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3
Q

alimentary canal

A

entire digestive tube from mouth to anus

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4
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of appendix

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5
Q

bicuspids

A

premolars of the adult teeth; they have two ridges or cusps used for grinding foods

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6
Q

bile

A

substance produced by liver, emulsifies fat

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7
Q

bolus

A

rounded mass; food prepared by mouth for swallowing

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8
Q

canines

A

sharp teeth for tearing between incisors and premolars

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9
Q

cecum

A

ouch at the proximal end of the large intestine

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10
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammtion of the gallbladder

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11
Q

periodontal membrane

A

membrane that anchors a tooth in place

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12
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity

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13
Q

protease

A

pancreatic juice that breaks down protein into amino acid

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14
Q

pulp cavity

A

inside of the tooth hat contains blood vessels and nerves

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15
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

narrowing of the pyloric sphincter

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16
Q

pylorospasm

A

vomiting due to undigested food due to failureof the pyloric sphincter to relax

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17
Q

rugae

A

wrinkles or folds

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18
Q

salivary amylase

A

found in saliva; converts starches into simple sugars

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19
Q

sigmoid colon

A

distal s shapes part of the colon

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20
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth

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21
Q

colostomy

A

artificial opening from the colon onto the surface of the skin

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22
Q

crown

A

part of tooth that is visible

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23
Q

cystic duct

A

duct from gallbladder to common bile duct

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24
Q

deciduous

A

temporary teeth one starts to lose around the age of six

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25
Q

defecation

A

elimination of waste from the rectum

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26
Q

dentin

A

main part of tooth, located under the enamel

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27
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of the wall of the colon

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28
Q

diverticulosis

A

numerous diverticula (little sacs in the wall of the colon)

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29
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine, beginning at the pyloric sphincter of the stomach

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30
Q

enamel

A

hard calcium substance that covers the teeth

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31
Q

chyme

A

food that has undergone gastric digestion

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32
Q

cleft palate

A

when the palatine bones do not close properly during early fetal development

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33
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the small intestine

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34
Q

esophagus

A

muscular tube that takes food from the pharynx to the stomach

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35
Q

gallbladder

A

a small pear shaped organ under the right lobe of the liver that stores bile

36
Q

gallstones

A

crystallized cholesterol that forms in the gallbladder

37
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

38
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and small intestines

39
Q

gingivae

A

gums

40
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

41
Q

hepatic duct

A

structure from the liver to the common bile duct that carries bile

42
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

43
Q

hiatal hernia

A

disorder that occurs when the stomach pushes through the diaphragm

44
Q

ileum

A

the lower part of the small intestine extending from the jejunum to the large intestine

45
Q

incisors

A

cutting teeth, one of four front teeth

46
Q

jejunum

A

section of small intestines between duodenum and ileum

47
Q

lipase

A

enzyme that changes fats into fatty acids and glycerols

48
Q

liver

A

large organ of the digestive system located in upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity

49
Q

masticated

A

food has been chewed or prepared for swallowing and digestion

50
Q

mesentery

A

peritoneum attached to posterior wall of the abdominal cavity

51
Q

molars

A

teeth designed for crushing and tearing

52
Q

neck (of tooth)

A

the part of tooth at the gumline

53
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

54
Q

parotid glands

A

largest of the salivary glands

55
Q

sublingual glands

A

salivary glands located under the sides of the tongue

56
Q

submandibular gland

A

salivary gland located near the angle of the lower jaw

57
Q

ulcer

A

inflammation that occurs on the musosal skin surface

58
Q

uvula

A

projection hanging from the soft palate in the back of the throat

59
Q

vermiform appendix

A

amll, blind gut projecting from the cecum

60
Q

villi

A

hairlike projections, as in the intestinal mucous membrane

61
Q

wisdom teeth

A

third molar teeth in the adult mouth

62
Q

ascending colon

A

portion of the colon that travels up the right side of the abdominal cavity

63
Q

celiac disease

A

a genetic autoimmune disease when the ingestion of gluten leads to damage of the lining of the small intestine

64
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the liver characterized by the formation of fibrous connective tissue

65
Q

cleft lip

A

when the tissue that forms the baby’s mouth or lips does not close properly during early stages of fetal development

66
Q

colon

A

known as the large intestine; about 5 feet in length and 2 inches in diameter, divided into ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon

67
Q

colorectal cancer

A

cancer of both the large intestine and rectum

68
Q

common bile duct

A

formed by the union of the hepatic duct and cystic duct; brings bile to the duodenum

69
Q

descending colon

A

portion of the colon that travels down from the splenic flexure on the left side of the abdomen

70
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

condition in which stomach contents flow back into the esophagus

71
Q

greater omentum

A

double fold of peritoneum that hangs down over the abdominal organs like an apron

72
Q

haustra

A

the longitudinal muscle layer of the colon is in three bands called the tenae coli, the colon is gathered to fit these bands giving it a puckered appearance, these are called haustra and give the colon more surface area

73
Q

histamine

A

a substance that increases gastric secretions; a substance released by mast cells when tissue is injured or in an allergic or inflammatory reaction

74
Q

ileocecal valve

A

an opening in the side wall of the large intestine that permits passage of chyme from large intestine and prevents backflow of chyme into the ileum

75
Q

inflammatory bowel disease

A

a disorder affecting the digestive system that is characterized by chronic diarrhea

76
Q

irritable bowel syndrome

A

a group of symptoms that affects the large intestine including cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea and constipation

77
Q

lingual frenulum

A

bad of tissue that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth thus limiting the motion of the tongue

78
Q

peptic ulcers

A

sores or lesions that form in the lining of the stomach or duodenum; usually caused by H.pylori

79
Q

periodontal disease

A

a chronic bacterial infection of the gums and surrounding tissue that causes oral bacteria to enter the bloodstream

80
Q

peristalsis

A

progressive wave of contraction in tubular structures provided with longitudinal and transverse muscle fibers as in esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, moves material along the structures

81
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

valve that regulates entrance of food from the stomach to the duodenum

82
Q

segmented movement

A

single segments of the intestine alternate between contraction and relaxation

83
Q

stomach

A

a major organ if digestion; a pouch like structure located in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity between the esophagus and duodenum

84
Q

taste buds

A

cells on the papillae of the tongue that can distinguish salt, bitter, sweet, umami, and sour qualities of dissolved substances

85
Q

transverse colon

A

portion of the colon that veers left across the abdomen to just below the spleen

86
Q

ptyalin

A

found in salivary amylase; converts starches into simple sugars

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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