Lesson 16 Flashcards
1
Q
absorption
A
passing of a substance into bodily fluids and tissues
2
Q
acini cella
A
cells in the pacreas that produce digestive juices
3
Q
alimentary canal
A
entire digestive tube from mouth to anus
4
Q
appendicitis
A
inflammation of appendix
5
Q
bicuspids
A
premolars of the adult teeth; they have two ridges or cusps used for grinding foods
6
Q
bile
A
substance produced by liver, emulsifies fat
7
Q
bolus
A
rounded mass; food prepared by mouth for swallowing
8
Q
canines
A
sharp teeth for tearing between incisors and premolars
9
Q
cecum
A
ouch at the proximal end of the large intestine
10
Q
cholecystitis
A
inflammtion of the gallbladder
11
Q
periodontal membrane
A
membrane that anchors a tooth in place
12
Q
peritonitis
A
inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity
13
Q
protease
A
pancreatic juice that breaks down protein into amino acid
14
Q
pulp cavity
A
inside of the tooth hat contains blood vessels and nerves
15
Q
pyloric stenosis
A
narrowing of the pyloric sphincter
16
Q
pylorospasm
A
vomiting due to undigested food due to failureof the pyloric sphincter to relax
17
Q
rugae
A
wrinkles or folds
18
Q
salivary amylase
A
found in saliva; converts starches into simple sugars
19
Q
sigmoid colon
A
distal s shapes part of the colon
20
Q
stomatitis
A
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth
21
Q
colostomy
A
artificial opening from the colon onto the surface of the skin
22
Q
crown
A
part of tooth that is visible
23
Q
cystic duct
A
duct from gallbladder to common bile duct
24
Q
deciduous
A
temporary teeth one starts to lose around the age of six
25
defecation
elimination of waste from the rectum
26
dentin
main part of tooth, located under the enamel
27
diverticulitis
inflammation of the wall of the colon
28
diverticulosis
numerous diverticula (little sacs in the wall of the colon)
29
duodenum
first part of the small intestine, beginning at the pyloric sphincter of the stomach
30
enamel
hard calcium substance that covers the teeth
31
chyme
food that has undergone gastric digestion
32
cleft palate
when the palatine bones do not close properly during early fetal development
33
enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine
34
esophagus
muscular tube that takes food from the pharynx to the stomach
35
gallbladder
a small pear shaped organ under the right lobe of the liver that stores bile
36
gallstones
crystallized cholesterol that forms in the gallbladder
37
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
38
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and small intestines
39
gingivae
gums
40
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
41
hepatic duct
structure from the liver to the common bile duct that carries bile
42
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
43
hiatal hernia
disorder that occurs when the stomach pushes through the diaphragm
44
ileum
the lower part of the small intestine extending from the jejunum to the large intestine
45
incisors
cutting teeth, one of four front teeth
46
jejunum
section of small intestines between duodenum and ileum
47
lipase
enzyme that changes fats into fatty acids and glycerols
48
liver
large organ of the digestive system located in upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity
49
masticated
food has been chewed or prepared for swallowing and digestion
50
mesentery
peritoneum attached to posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
51
molars
teeth designed for crushing and tearing
52
neck (of tooth)
the part of tooth at the gumline
53
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
54
parotid glands
largest of the salivary glands
55
sublingual glands
salivary glands located under the sides of the tongue
56
submandibular gland
salivary gland located near the angle of the lower jaw
57
ulcer
inflammation that occurs on the musosal skin surface
58
uvula
projection hanging from the soft palate in the back of the throat
59
vermiform appendix
amll, blind gut projecting from the cecum
60
villi
hairlike projections, as in the intestinal mucous membrane
61
wisdom teeth
third molar teeth in the adult mouth
62
ascending colon
portion of the colon that travels up the right side of the abdominal cavity
63
celiac disease
a genetic autoimmune disease when the ingestion of gluten leads to damage of the lining of the small intestine
64
cirrhosis
chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the liver characterized by the formation of fibrous connective tissue
65
cleft lip
when the tissue that forms the baby's mouth or lips does not close properly during early stages of fetal development
66
colon
known as the large intestine; about 5 feet in length and 2 inches in diameter, divided into ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon
67
colorectal cancer
cancer of both the large intestine and rectum
68
common bile duct
formed by the union of the hepatic duct and cystic duct; brings bile to the duodenum
69
descending colon
portion of the colon that travels down from the splenic flexure on the left side of the abdomen
70
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
condition in which stomach contents flow back into the esophagus
71
greater omentum
double fold of peritoneum that hangs down over the abdominal organs like an apron
72
haustra
the longitudinal muscle layer of the colon is in three bands called the tenae coli, the colon is gathered to fit these bands giving it a puckered appearance, these are called haustra and give the colon more surface area
73
histamine
a substance that increases gastric secretions; a substance released by mast cells when tissue is injured or in an allergic or inflammatory reaction
74
ileocecal valve
an opening in the side wall of the large intestine that permits passage of chyme from large intestine and prevents backflow of chyme into the ileum
75
inflammatory bowel disease
a disorder affecting the digestive system that is characterized by chronic diarrhea
76
irritable bowel syndrome
a group of symptoms that affects the large intestine including cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea and constipation
77
lingual frenulum
bad of tissue that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth thus limiting the motion of the tongue
78
peptic ulcers
sores or lesions that form in the lining of the stomach or duodenum; usually caused by H.pylori
79
periodontal disease
a chronic bacterial infection of the gums and surrounding tissue that causes oral bacteria to enter the bloodstream
80
peristalsis
progressive wave of contraction in tubular structures provided with longitudinal and transverse muscle fibers as in esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, moves material along the structures
81
pyloric sphincter
valve that regulates entrance of food from the stomach to the duodenum
82
segmented movement
single segments of the intestine alternate between contraction and relaxation
83
stomach
a major organ if digestion; a pouch like structure located in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity between the esophagus and duodenum
84
taste buds
cells on the papillae of the tongue that can distinguish salt, bitter, sweet, umami, and sour qualities of dissolved substances
85
transverse colon
portion of the colon that veers left across the abdomen to just below the spleen
86
ptyalin
found in salivary amylase; converts starches into simple sugars
