Lesson 5 Flashcards
lumbar vertebrae
five vertebrae associated with the lower part of the back
mandible
lower jawbone
manubrium
forms the upper region of the sternum
ilium
the broad, blade shaped bone that forms the back and side of the hip bone
inferior concha
bones that make up the side walls of the nasal cavity
ischium
forms the lower posterior portion of the hip bone; bears the weight of the body when sitting
joint
place where two bones meet
kyphosis
hunchback; humped curvature of the spinal column
lacrimals
pertaining to tears
lordosis
forward curvature of lumbar region of spine
hammertoe
a toe that is curled due to bend in the middle joint of the toe
hematopoiesis
formation of blood cells
hinge joint
a joint that moves in one direction or plane
humerus
the bone of the upper arm
hyoid
a U-shaped bone found in the neck to which the tongue is attached
synarthroses
immovable joints connected by fibrous connective tissue
synovial fluid
a lubricating substance produced by the synovial membrane
talus
anklebone that articulates with the bones of the leg
tarsal
anklebone
temporals
side of the head
thoracic vertebrae
the 12 bones of the spine located in the chest area
tibia
larger inner bone of the leg below the knee; shin bone
ulna
bone on inner forearm
vomer
flat thin bone that forms part of the nasal septum
whiplash injury
trauma to cervical vertebrae
xiphoid process
structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum
zygomatic
bone that forms the prominence of the cheek
clavicles
collarbone
cervical vertebrae
first seven bones of the spinal column
circumduction
circular movement of a joint
coccyx
tailbone
compact bone
hard bone
diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
diarthrosis
movable joint (elbow, knee)
dislocation
displacement of one or more bones of a joint or organ from the original position
endosteum
lining of the medullary cavity in the long bone
epiphysis
the end of a long bone
ethmoid
bone of the cranium located between the eyes
extension
act of increasing the angle between two bones
femur
longest and strongest bone in the body; thigh bone
fibula
slender bone at outer edge of the lower leg
flexion
the act of bending a limb or decreasing an angle between two bones
fontanel
unossified areas in an infant skull; soft spot
fracture
a break in the bone
frontal
bone of the skull that forms the forehead
abduction
movement away from the midline or axis of the body; opposite of adduction
amphiarthrosis
partially movable joint
arthritis
inflammtion of a joint
articular cartliage
thin layer of cartilage over the ends of long bones
atlas
first cervical vertebrae; articulates with the axis and occipital skull bone
axial skeleton
skeleton of head and trunk
axis
second cervical vertebrae
ball and socket joint
diarthrosis joint that allows the greatest freedom of movement
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
calcaneus
heel bone
carpals
bones of the wrist
maxillae
bone of the upper jaw
medullary canal
center of the shaft of a long bone
metacarpal
bone of the wrist
nasal
bone that forms the bridge of the nose
occipital
bone that forms the base of the skull and contains the foramen magnum
ossification
process of bone formation
osteoarthritis
degenerative joint disease
osteoblast
cells involved in formation of bony tissue
osteoclast
cells involved in resorption of bony tissue
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone
osteosarcoma
bone cancer
palatines
tonsils located on the side of the soft palate
parietals
two bones that form the roof and sides of the skull
patella
kneecap
periosteum
fibrous tissue covering the bone
pelvis
any basin shaped structure or cavity
phalanges
bones of the fingers and toes
pivot joint
joint in which an extension of one bone rotates in a second arch shaped bone
pronation
turning the palm of the hand downward
pubis
pubic bone; portion of the hip bone forming the front of the pelvis
radius
bone on the thumb side of the forearm
rickets
disease in which bones soften due to lack of vitamin D
rotation
type of movement in which a bone moves around a central axis
sacrum
wedge shaped bone below the lumbar vertebra at the end of the spinal column
scapulae
large, flat, triangular bone that forms the back of the shoulder
scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine
sphenoid
the key bone of the skull
spongy bone
the result of hard bone when it is broken down
supination
turning palm of hand upward
acetabulum
area where the three bones of the hip unite to form a deep socket into which the head of the femur fits to form the hip joint
adduction
movement of part of the body or a limb toward the midline of the body; opposite of abduction
appendicular skeleton
part of the skeleton consisting of pectoral and pelvic girdles, and limbs
bursae
closed sacs within a synovial membrane lining, found in the spaces of connective tissue between muscles, tendons, ligaments, and bones
flatfeet
weakening of the leg muscles that support the arch of the foot; also called talipes
gliding joint
joint in which the nearly flat surfaces of the bones glide across each other
gout
increase in uric acid crystals in the blood stream, which are deposited in joint cavities, especially the great toe
metarsal
bone of the foot similar to the metacarpal; five metatarsals form the arch of the foot
obturator foramen
large opening between the pubic bone and the ischium that allows for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and tendons
osteoporosis
loss of calcium in the bone, causing brittleness; occurs mainly in females after menopause
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic inflammatory disease that affects connective tissue and joints
sternum
flat, narrow bone in the median line in front of the chest; it is composed of three parts: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
zygotmatics
bone that forms the prominence of the cheek
sprain
wrenching of a joint that produces a stretching or laceration of ligaments
