Lesson 14 Flashcards
tachypnea
abnormally rapid rate of breathing
thoracentesis
aspiration of the chest cavity for removal of fluid, usually for epyema
tidal volume
amount of air that moves in and out of lungs with each breath
trachea
a thin walled tube between the larynx and the bronchi; conducts air to the lungs
ventilation
another term for moving air in and out of lungs; breathing
wheezing
sound produced by a rush of air through a narrowed passageway
pharyngitis
red inflamed throat causes by bacteria or a virus
pharynx
throat
pleural fluid
serous fluid necessary to prevent friction between the pleural membranes
pleurisy
inflammation of pleura
pneumonia
infection of the lung
pneumothorax
a build up of air within the pleural cavity on one side of the chest
pulmonary embolism
a blood clot that travels to the lungs
rales
raspy-sounding breathing
residual volume
the amount of air that cannot be voluntarily expelled by the lungs
sinusitis
an infection of the mucous membrane that lines the sinus cavity
surfactant
lipid material covering the inner surface of the alveoli
alveolar sacs
air cells found in the lungs; known as alveoli
apnea
temporary stopping of breathing movements
asbestosis
a respiratory disease caused by breathing in asbestos fibers
atelectasis
condition i which the lungs fail to expand normally
bronchioles
one of the small subdivisions of a bronchus
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchiole tubes
bronchus
one of two primary beaches of the trachea
eupnea
normal easy breathing with the usual quiet inhalations and exhalations
expiration
the act of breathing out or expelling air from the lungs
external respiration
act of inspiration and expiration; breathing
glottis
space within the vocal cords of the larynx
Hering-Breuer reflex
a reflex that prevents overstretching of the lungs
hiccups
spasm of the diaphragm and spasmodic closures of the glottis
inspiration
drawing in of air, inhalation
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx or voice box
larynx
voice box; found between the trachea and base of the tongue; contains vocal cords
nasal septum
partition between the two nasal cavities
orthopnea
difficult or labored breathing
anthrax
a disease casing organism that has three forms: cutaneous, intestinal, and inhaled, the last of which is the most deadly form
asthma
condition in which the airways are obstructed as a result of an inflammatory reaction to a stimulus
bronchoscopy
lighted tubular instrument used to inspect the interior of the bronchial tubes
cellular respiration
use of oxygen to release energy from a cell
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
chronic lung condition such as emphysema or bronchitis
diptheria
infectious disease of the respiratory system rarely seen because of the DTaP vaccine
emphysema
lung disorder in which the alveoli of the lung become overdilated, lose their elasticity and cannot rebound, inspired air becomes trapped and it is difficult to expire
epiglottis
structure made of elastic cartilage that prevents food from entering the trachea
epistaxis
a bloody nose usually due to the rupture of small vessels overlying the anterior portion of the nasal system
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
amount of air a person can exhale over and above tidal volume
functional residual capacity
in lung capacity, refers to the sum of the expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume
hyperpnea
increase in the depth and rate of breathing accompanied by abnormal exaggerated respiratory movements
hyperventilation
rapid breathing and rapid loss of carbon dioxide, sometimes called diziness or fainting
influenza
viral infection causing inflammation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
amount of air you can force a person to take in over and above tidal volume
internal respiration
the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the cells and the lymph surrounding them, plus the oxidative process of the energy in the cells
mediastinum
intrapleural space separating the sternum in front and the vertebral column behind
olfactory nerves
nerves that supply the nasal mucosa, responsible for the sense of smell
pertussis
highly contagious disease caused by bacterium Bordatella pertussis, causes cough with a whooping sound; also known as whooping cough
pleura
serous membrane protecting the lungs and lining the internal surface of the thoracic cavity; also called pleural membrane
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
a very common and contagious virus that leads to mil cold like symptoms
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
an infectious viral disease of the respiratory tract
silicosis
lung condition caused by breathing dust containing silicon dioxide; lungs become fibrotic
sinuses
cavities of the skull filled with air in and around the nasal region; they help lighten the bones of the skull and gives tone to the voice
spirometer
a device that measures the volume and flow of air during inspiration and expiration
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
death of an infant due to a stoppage of breathing while the infant sleeps
total lung capacity
measurement that includes tidal volume, inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, and residual air
tuberculosis
infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus; mainly affects the lungs
turbinates
shaped like a spiral; the three bones situated on the lateral side of the nasal cavity
vital lung capacity
total amount of air involved with tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume
