Lesson 15 Flashcards
polydipsia
excessive thirst
polyphagia
excessive hunger
polyuria
excessive urination
somatotropin
growth hormone
testosterone
male sex hormone responsible for male secondary sex characteristics
thymus
endocrine gland located under the sternum, produces T Lymphocytes
Androgens
male hormone
norepinephrine
hormone that acts as a vasoconstrictor
oxytocin
hormone released during childbirth to cause strong contractions of the uterus
parathormone
hormone that controls the concentration of calcium in the bloodstream
pineal gland
located in the third ventricle of the brain; produces melatonin
Addison’s disease
hypofunction of the adrenal gland
adrenal gland
endocrine gland that sits on top of the kidney; consists of cortex and medulla
adrenaline
hormone produced by the adrenal gland; a powerful cardiac stimulant, epinephrine
androgen
male hormone
cretinism
congenital or chronic condition due to the lack of thyroid hormone
Cushing’s syndrome
hyperfunction of adrenal cortex
estrogen
secretion of the ovary, female hormone
exocrine glands
secretions from these glands must go through a duct
exophthalmos
abnormal protrusion of the eyes
ghrelin
hormone produced by the stomach that stimulates appetite
gigantism
hypersecretion of the growth hormone, overgrowth of long bones
glucagon
a hormone that stimulates the liver to change glycogen into glucose
glucocorticoids
hormones of the adrenal cortex, namely cortisone and cortisol
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland
gonads
sex glands (ovaries or testes)
hormone
chemical secrection usually from the endocrine gland
hyperglycemia
high concentration of glucose in the blood
hyperthyroidism
condition of the overactivity of the thyroid gland
hypoglycemia
low concentration of glucose in the blood
hypothyroidism
condition of underactivity of thyroid gland
insulin
hormone produced by the pancreas, necessary for glucose metabolism
islets of Langerhans
specialized cells in the Pancreas that produce insulin
leptin
hormone produced by adipose tissue that acts on the hypothalamus to suppress appetite
melatonin
hormone produced by the pineal gland
mineralocorticoids
hormones of the adrenaline cortex, namely aldosterone
myxedema
hypofunction of the thyroid gland
acromegaly
excess of growth hormone in adults, overdevelopment of bones of hands, feet, and face
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
hormone that stimulates the growth and secretion of the adrenal cortex
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland that prevents or suppresses urine secretion
anterior pituitary lobe
area of the pituitary gland that is responsible for the secretion of growth hormones
calcitonin
hormone secreted by thyroid gland that controls calcium ion concentration in the body
diabetes insipidus
condition that results when there is a drop in the amount of ADH hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary, which causes excessive loss of water and electrolytes
diabetes mellitus
condition that results when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin or is unable to produce enough insulin for the cells to use glucose
endocrine glands
organize groups of tissues that use materials from blood and lymph to make new compounds called hormones that are directly secreted into the bloodstream
epinephrine
adrenaline; secretion of the adrenal medulla, which prepares the body for energetic action (fight or flight response
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
an adenohypophyseal hormone that stimulates follicular growth in the ovary, and stimulates production of sperm in the testis
interstitial cell simulating hormone
a hormone that stimulates the growth of the graafian follicle and the production of estorgen in females and sperm in males
luteinizing hormone
hormone that stimulates ovulation and the production of progesterone in females
melanocyte stimulating hormone
hormone produced by intermediate pituitary lobe; stimulates melanin cells in the skin
negative feedback
occurs in the hormonal system, occurs when there is a drop in the blood level of a specific hormone, the drop triggers a chain reaction of responses to increase the amount of hormone in the blood
neurohormone
a hormone produced by the neurons in the hypothalamus that influences scretions of the pituitary
pancreas
organ of digestion that lies behind the stomach; produces digestive juices, insulin, and glucagon
parathyroid glands
four small endocrine glands embedded in the thyroid gland; they secrete parathormone
pheochromocytoma
tumor of the adrenal glands that causes excessive secretion of epinephrine which may be fatal
pituitary gland
a small gland located in the sphenoid bone in the cranium; its hormones affect all other glandular activity; called the master gland
posterior pituitary lobe
lobe that stores the hormones produced by the hypothalamus
progesterone
steroid hormone secreted by the ovaries from the corpus luteum to help maintain pregnancy
prolactin hormone
hormone that develops breast tissue and stimulates the production of milk after childbirth
prostaglandins
hormones secreted by various tissues; their function depends on which tissue they are excreted from
short stature
condition caused by hypofunction of growth hormone; growth of long bones is decreased; fomrerly called dwarfism
tetany
a condition in which severely decreased levels of calcium affect the normal function of nerves
thyroid gland
endocrine gland located on anterior portion of the neck that produces thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin
thyroxine
also known as T4; hormone secreted by thyroid gland or prepared synthetically
triiodothyronine
also known as T3; hormone that serves to regulate body systems
vasopressin
hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland; has an antidiuretic effect; also called antidiuretic hormone
