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Anatomy and Physiology > Lesson 15 > Flashcards

Lesson 15 Flashcards

1
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

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2
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive hunger

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3
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

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4
Q

somatotropin

A

growth hormone

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5
Q

testosterone

A

male sex hormone responsible for male secondary sex characteristics

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6
Q

thymus

A

endocrine gland located under the sternum, produces T Lymphocytes

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7
Q

Androgens

A

male hormone

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8
Q

norepinephrine

A

hormone that acts as a vasoconstrictor

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9
Q

oxytocin

A

hormone released during childbirth to cause strong contractions of the uterus

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10
Q

parathormone

A

hormone that controls the concentration of calcium in the bloodstream

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11
Q

pineal gland

A

located in the third ventricle of the brain; produces melatonin

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12
Q

Addison’s disease

A

hypofunction of the adrenal gland

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13
Q

adrenal gland

A

endocrine gland that sits on top of the kidney; consists of cortex and medulla

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14
Q

adrenaline

A

hormone produced by the adrenal gland; a powerful cardiac stimulant, epinephrine

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15
Q

androgen

A

male hormone

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16
Q

cretinism

A

congenital or chronic condition due to the lack of thyroid hormone

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17
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

hyperfunction of adrenal cortex

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18
Q

estrogen

A

secretion of the ovary, female hormone

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19
Q

exocrine glands

A

secretions from these glands must go through a duct

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20
Q

exophthalmos

A

abnormal protrusion of the eyes

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21
Q

ghrelin

A

hormone produced by the stomach that stimulates appetite

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22
Q

gigantism

A

hypersecretion of the growth hormone, overgrowth of long bones

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23
Q

glucagon

A

a hormone that stimulates the liver to change glycogen into glucose

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24
Q

glucocorticoids

A

hormones of the adrenal cortex, namely cortisone and cortisol

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25
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland

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26
Q

gonads

A

sex glands (ovaries or testes)

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27
Q

hormone

A

chemical secrection usually from the endocrine gland

28
Q

hyperglycemia

A

high concentration of glucose in the blood

29
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

condition of the overactivity of the thyroid gland

30
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low concentration of glucose in the blood

31
Q

hypothyroidism

A

condition of underactivity of thyroid gland

32
Q

insulin

A

hormone produced by the pancreas, necessary for glucose metabolism

33
Q

islets of Langerhans

A

specialized cells in the Pancreas that produce insulin

34
Q

leptin

A

hormone produced by adipose tissue that acts on the hypothalamus to suppress appetite

35
Q

melatonin

A

hormone produced by the pineal gland

36
Q

mineralocorticoids

A

hormones of the adrenaline cortex, namely aldosterone

37
Q

myxedema

A

hypofunction of the thyroid gland

38
Q

acromegaly

A

excess of growth hormone in adults, overdevelopment of bones of hands, feet, and face

39
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

hormone that stimulates the growth and secretion of the adrenal cortex

40
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland that prevents or suppresses urine secretion

41
Q

anterior pituitary lobe

A

area of the pituitary gland that is responsible for the secretion of growth hormones

42
Q

calcitonin

A

hormone secreted by thyroid gland that controls calcium ion concentration in the body

43
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

condition that results when there is a drop in the amount of ADH hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary, which causes excessive loss of water and electrolytes

44
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

condition that results when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin or is unable to produce enough insulin for the cells to use glucose

45
Q

endocrine glands

A

organize groups of tissues that use materials from blood and lymph to make new compounds called hormones that are directly secreted into the bloodstream

46
Q

epinephrine

A

adrenaline; secretion of the adrenal medulla, which prepares the body for energetic action (fight or flight response

47
Q

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

an adenohypophyseal hormone that stimulates follicular growth in the ovary, and stimulates production of sperm in the testis

48
Q

interstitial cell simulating hormone

A

a hormone that stimulates the growth of the graafian follicle and the production of estorgen in females and sperm in males

49
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

hormone that stimulates ovulation and the production of progesterone in females

50
Q

melanocyte stimulating hormone

A

hormone produced by intermediate pituitary lobe; stimulates melanin cells in the skin

51
Q

negative feedback

A

occurs in the hormonal system, occurs when there is a drop in the blood level of a specific hormone, the drop triggers a chain reaction of responses to increase the amount of hormone in the blood

52
Q

neurohormone

A

a hormone produced by the neurons in the hypothalamus that influences scretions of the pituitary

53
Q

pancreas

A

organ of digestion that lies behind the stomach; produces digestive juices, insulin, and glucagon

54
Q

parathyroid glands

A

four small endocrine glands embedded in the thyroid gland; they secrete parathormone

55
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

tumor of the adrenal glands that causes excessive secretion of epinephrine which may be fatal

56
Q

pituitary gland

A

a small gland located in the sphenoid bone in the cranium; its hormones affect all other glandular activity; called the master gland

57
Q

posterior pituitary lobe

A

lobe that stores the hormones produced by the hypothalamus

58
Q

progesterone

A

steroid hormone secreted by the ovaries from the corpus luteum to help maintain pregnancy

59
Q

prolactin hormone

A

hormone that develops breast tissue and stimulates the production of milk after childbirth

60
Q

prostaglandins

A

hormones secreted by various tissues; their function depends on which tissue they are excreted from

61
Q

short stature

A

condition caused by hypofunction of growth hormone; growth of long bones is decreased; fomrerly called dwarfism

62
Q

tetany

A

a condition in which severely decreased levels of calcium affect the normal function of nerves

63
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland located on anterior portion of the neck that produces thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin

64
Q

thyroxine

A

also known as T4; hormone secreted by thyroid gland or prepared synthetically

65
Q

triiodothyronine

A

also known as T3; hormone that serves to regulate body systems

66
Q

vasopressin

A

hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland; has an antidiuretic effect; also called antidiuretic hormone

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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