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Anatomy and Physiology > Lesson 15 > Flashcards

Lesson 15 Flashcards

1
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

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2
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive hunger

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3
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

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4
Q

somatotropin

A

growth hormone

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5
Q

testosterone

A

male sex hormone responsible for male secondary sex characteristics

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6
Q

thymus

A

endocrine gland located under the sternum, produces T Lymphocytes

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7
Q

Androgens

A

male hormone

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8
Q

norepinephrine

A

hormone that acts as a vasoconstrictor

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9
Q

oxytocin

A

hormone released during childbirth to cause strong contractions of the uterus

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10
Q

parathormone

A

hormone that controls the concentration of calcium in the bloodstream

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11
Q

pineal gland

A

located in the third ventricle of the brain; produces melatonin

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12
Q

Addison’s disease

A

hypofunction of the adrenal gland

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13
Q

adrenal gland

A

endocrine gland that sits on top of the kidney; consists of cortex and medulla

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14
Q

adrenaline

A

hormone produced by the adrenal gland; a powerful cardiac stimulant, epinephrine

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15
Q

androgen

A

male hormone

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16
Q

cretinism

A

congenital or chronic condition due to the lack of thyroid hormone

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17
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

hyperfunction of adrenal cortex

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18
Q

estrogen

A

secretion of the ovary, female hormone

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19
Q

exocrine glands

A

secretions from these glands must go through a duct

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20
Q

exophthalmos

A

abnormal protrusion of the eyes

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21
Q

ghrelin

A

hormone produced by the stomach that stimulates appetite

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22
Q

gigantism

A

hypersecretion of the growth hormone, overgrowth of long bones

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23
Q

glucagon

A

a hormone that stimulates the liver to change glycogen into glucose

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24
Q

glucocorticoids

A

hormones of the adrenal cortex, namely cortisone and cortisol

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25
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland
26
gonads
sex glands (ovaries or testes)
27
hormone
chemical secrection usually from the endocrine gland
28
hyperglycemia
high concentration of glucose in the blood
29
hyperthyroidism
condition of the overactivity of the thyroid gland
30
hypoglycemia
low concentration of glucose in the blood
31
hypothyroidism
condition of underactivity of thyroid gland
32
insulin
hormone produced by the pancreas, necessary for glucose metabolism
33
islets of Langerhans
specialized cells in the Pancreas that produce insulin
34
leptin
hormone produced by adipose tissue that acts on the hypothalamus to suppress appetite
35
melatonin
hormone produced by the pineal gland
36
mineralocorticoids
hormones of the adrenaline cortex, namely aldosterone
37
myxedema
hypofunction of the thyroid gland
38
acromegaly
excess of growth hormone in adults, overdevelopment of bones of hands, feet, and face
39
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
hormone that stimulates the growth and secretion of the adrenal cortex
40
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland that prevents or suppresses urine secretion
41
anterior pituitary lobe
area of the pituitary gland that is responsible for the secretion of growth hormones
42
calcitonin
hormone secreted by thyroid gland that controls calcium ion concentration in the body
43
diabetes insipidus
condition that results when there is a drop in the amount of ADH hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary, which causes excessive loss of water and electrolytes
44
diabetes mellitus
condition that results when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin or is unable to produce enough insulin for the cells to use glucose
45
endocrine glands
organize groups of tissues that use materials from blood and lymph to make new compounds called hormones that are directly secreted into the bloodstream
46
epinephrine
adrenaline; secretion of the adrenal medulla, which prepares the body for energetic action (fight or flight response
47
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
an adenohypophyseal hormone that stimulates follicular growth in the ovary, and stimulates production of sperm in the testis
48
interstitial cell simulating hormone
a hormone that stimulates the growth of the graafian follicle and the production of estorgen in females and sperm in males
49
luteinizing hormone
hormone that stimulates ovulation and the production of progesterone in females
50
melanocyte stimulating hormone
hormone produced by intermediate pituitary lobe; stimulates melanin cells in the skin
51
negative feedback
occurs in the hormonal system, occurs when there is a drop in the blood level of a specific hormone, the drop triggers a chain reaction of responses to increase the amount of hormone in the blood
52
neurohormone
a hormone produced by the neurons in the hypothalamus that influences scretions of the pituitary
53
pancreas
organ of digestion that lies behind the stomach; produces digestive juices, insulin, and glucagon
54
parathyroid glands
four small endocrine glands embedded in the thyroid gland; they secrete parathormone
55
pheochromocytoma
tumor of the adrenal glands that causes excessive secretion of epinephrine which may be fatal
56
pituitary gland
a small gland located in the sphenoid bone in the cranium; its hormones affect all other glandular activity; called the master gland
57
posterior pituitary lobe
lobe that stores the hormones produced by the hypothalamus
58
progesterone
steroid hormone secreted by the ovaries from the corpus luteum to help maintain pregnancy
59
prolactin hormone
hormone that develops breast tissue and stimulates the production of milk after childbirth
60
prostaglandins
hormones secreted by various tissues; their function depends on which tissue they are excreted from
61
short stature
condition caused by hypofunction of growth hormone; growth of long bones is decreased; fomrerly called dwarfism
62
tetany
a condition in which severely decreased levels of calcium affect the normal function of nerves
63
thyroid gland
endocrine gland located on anterior portion of the neck that produces thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin
64
thyroxine
also known as T4; hormone secreted by thyroid gland or prepared synthetically
65
triiodothyronine
also known as T3; hormone that serves to regulate body systems
66
vasopressin
hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland; has an antidiuretic effect; also called antidiuretic hormone

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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