Lesson 18

Question 1

incontinence

Answer 1

loss of self control especially of urine feces or semen

Question 2

kidneys

Answer 2

organs of the urinary system that function to rid the body of nitrogenous wastes

Question 3

micturition

Answer 3

the act of emptying the bladder, urination

Question 4

neurogenic bladder

Answer 4

condition caused by damaged nerves that control the bladder

Question 5

nocturia

Answer 5

excessive urination during the night

Question 6

oliguria

Answer 6

diminished production of urine

Question 7

pyelitis

Answer 7

inflammation of the renal pelvis

Question 8

pyelonephritis

Answer 8

inflammation of the kidneys and pelvis of the ureter

Question 9

pyuria

Answer 9

pus in urine

Question 10

acute kidney failure

Answer 10

sudden loss of kindey function

Question 11

anuria

Answer 11

absence of urine

Question 12

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 12

double walled capsule around the glomerulus of a nephron

Question 13

calyces

Answer 13

cup shaped parts of the renal pelvis

Question 14

chronic renal failure

Answer 14

gradual loss of function of the nephrons

Question 15

collecting tubule

Answer 15

structure in nephron that collects urine from distal convoluted tubule

Question 16

dialyzer

Answer 16

a device used to perform dialysis; a kidney machine

Question 17

dysuria

Answer 17

painful urination

Question 18

efferent arteriole

Answer 18

arteriole that carries blood from the glomerulus

Question 19

filtrate

Answer 19

plasma like fluid filtered from the blood in glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule

Question 20

glomerulonephritis

Answer 20

inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidney

Question 21

glomerulus

Answer 21

part of the nephron; tuft of capillaries situated within Bowman’s capsule

Question 22

hematuria

Answer 22

presence of blood in urine

Question 23

hilum

Answer 23

indentation along the medial border of the kidney

Question 24

renal columns

Answer 24

support structures between the renal pyramids

Question 25

renal fascia

Answer 25

tough fibrous tissue covering the kidney

Question 26

renal papilla

Answer 26

apex of the renal pyramid

Question 27

renal pelvis

Answer 27

funnel shaped structure at the beginning of the ureter

Question 28

renal pyramids

Answer 28

striated cones that make up the medulla of the kidney

Question 29

renin

Answer 29

enzyme produced by the kidney

Question 30

retroperitoneal

Answer 30

located behind the peritoneum

Question 31

threshhold

Answer 31

limit of reabsorption in the urinary system

Question 32

uremia

Answer 32

the presence of uria and excess waste products in the blood

Question 33

ureters

Answer 33

the long narrow tubes that convey urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Question 34

urethra

Answer 34

the tube that takes urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Question 35

urinalysis

Answer 35

the chemical analysis of urine

Question 36

urinary meatus

Answer 36

the opening to the urethra

Question 37

urine

Answer 37

at the completion of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, the filtrate is known as urine

Question 38

afferent arteriole

Answer 38

arteriole that takes blood from the renal artery to the Bowman's capsule of the kidney

Question 39

aldosterone

Answer 39

hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates salt and water balance in the kidney

Question 40

cystitis

Answer 40

urinary tract infection; inflammation of the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder

Question 41

dialysis

Answer 41

the separation of smaller molecules from larger molecules in a solution by selective diffusion through a semipermeable membrane

Question 42

distal convoluted tubule

Answer 42

distal tubular process of the nephron that ascends to the cortex of the nephron from the loop of Henle

Question 43

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Answer 43

procedure used to reduce kidney stones to sandlike articles to enable them to pass through the urinary tract

Question 44

hemodialysis

Answer 44

a procedure for removing waste products in the circulating blood of patients with kidney failure

Question 45

hydronephrosis

Answer 45

condition in which the renal pelvis and calyces become distended due to the accumulation of fluid

Question 46

renal calculi

Answer 46

kidney stones; clumping together of calcium phosphate crystals, uric acid, and other substances in the kidney

Question 47

loop of Henle

Answer 47

the proximal convoluted tubule descends into the medulla forming the loop of Henle in the nephron

Question 48

nephron

Answer 48

unit of structure of the kidney; contains glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal distal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal tubule

Question 49

osmoreceptors

Answer 49

structures found in the hypothalamus that are sensitive to changes in the osmotic blood pressure and control the release of the antidiuretic hormone

Question 50

overactive bladder

Answer 50

condition in which urination occurs 8 or more times daily with nocturia; happens when nerve signals between the bladder and brain are not coordinated

Question 51

peritoneal dialysis

Answer 51

filtering of a patient's blood through the patients own peritoneal lining