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Anatomy and Physiology > Lesson 18 > Flashcards

Lesson 18 Flashcards

1
Q

incontinence

A

loss of self control especially of urine feces or semen

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2
Q

kidneys

A

organs of the urinary system that function to rid the body of nitrogenous wastes

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3
Q

micturition

A

the act of emptying the bladder, urination

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4
Q

neurogenic bladder

A

condition caused by damaged nerves that control the bladder

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5
Q

nocturia

A

excessive urination during the night

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6
Q

oliguria

A

diminished production of urine

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7
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

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8
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidneys and pelvis of the ureter

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9
Q

pyuria

A

pus in urine

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10
Q

acute kidney failure

A

sudden loss of kindey function

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11
Q

anuria

A

absence of urine

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12
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

double walled capsule around the glomerulus of a nephron

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13
Q

calyces

A

cup shaped parts of the renal pelvis

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14
Q

chronic renal failure

A

gradual loss of function of the nephrons

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15
Q

collecting tubule

A

structure in nephron that collects urine from distal convoluted tubule

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16
Q

dialyzer

A

a device used to perform dialysis; a kidney machine

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17
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

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18
Q

efferent arteriole

A

arteriole that carries blood from the glomerulus

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19
Q

filtrate

A

plasma like fluid filtered from the blood in glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule

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20
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidney

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21
Q

glomerulus

A

part of the nephron; tuft of capillaries situated within Bowman’s capsule

22
Q

hematuria

A

presence of blood in urine

23
Q

hilum

A

indentation along the medial border of the kidney

24
Q

renal columns

A

support structures between the renal pyramids

25
Q

renal fascia

A

tough fibrous tissue covering the kidney

26
Q

renal papilla

A

apex of the renal pyramid

27
Q

renal pelvis

A

funnel shaped structure at the beginning of the ureter

28
Q

renal pyramids

A

striated cones that make up the medulla of the kidney

29
Q

renin

A

enzyme produced by the kidney

30
Q

retroperitoneal

A

located behind the peritoneum

31
Q

threshhold

A

limit of reabsorption in the urinary system

32
Q

uremia

A

the presence of uria and excess waste products in the blood

33
Q

ureters

A

the long narrow tubes that convey urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

34
Q

urethra

A

the tube that takes urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

35
Q

urinalysis

A

the chemical analysis of urine

36
Q

urinary meatus

A

the opening to the urethra

37
Q

urine

A

at the completion of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, the filtrate is known as urine

38
Q

afferent arteriole

A

arteriole that takes blood from the renal artery to the Bowman’s capsule of the kidney

39
Q

aldosterone

A

hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates salt and water balance in the kidney

40
Q

cystitis

A

urinary tract infection; inflammation of the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder

41
Q

dialysis

A

the separation of smaller molecules from larger molecules in a solution by selective diffusion through a semipermeable membrane

42
Q

distal convoluted tubule

A

distal tubular process of the nephron that ascends to the cortex of the nephron from the loop of Henle

43
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

procedure used to reduce kidney stones to sandlike articles to enable them to pass through the urinary tract

44
Q

hemodialysis

A

a procedure for removing waste products in the circulating blood of patients with kidney failure

45
Q

hydronephrosis

A

condition in which the renal pelvis and calyces become distended due to the accumulation of fluid

46
Q

renal calculi

A

kidney stones; clumping together of calcium phosphate crystals, uric acid, and other substances in the kidney

47
Q

loop of Henle

A

the proximal convoluted tubule descends into the medulla forming the loop of Henle in the nephron

48
Q

nephron

A

unit of structure of the kidney; contains glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, proximal distal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal tubule

49
Q

osmoreceptors

A

structures found in the hypothalamus that are sensitive to changes in the osmotic blood pressure and control the release of the antidiuretic hormone

50
Q

overactive bladder

A

condition in which urination occurs 8 or more times daily with nocturia; happens when nerve signals between the bladder and brain are not coordinated

51
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

filtering of a patient’s blood through the patients own peritoneal lining

Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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