LESSON 12 part 1 Flashcards
the most common disease of arteries
arteriosclerosis
the term means HARDENING of the arteries
arteriosclerosis
the muscle fibers and the endothelial lining of the walls of small arteries and arterioles become ‘‘thickened’’
arteriosclerosis
it ‘affects the intima’ of the large and medium sized arteries
atherosclerosis
there is an accumulation of lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue in the intimal layer of the artery
atherosclerosis
the narrowing of the lumen, obstruction by thrombosis, aneurysm, ulceration, and rupture is a direct result of _______
atherosclerosis
results from prolonged hemodynamic forces
vascular endothelial cell injury
what are the two types of atherosclerotic lesions?
fatty streaks
fibrous plaques
are ‘yellow and smooth, protrude slightly into the lumen of the artery’, and are composed of lipids and elongated smooth muscle cells
fatty streaks
are ‘white to white yellow and protrude in various degrees’ into the arterial lumen
fibrous plaque
two groups of vascular surgical procedures
inflow procedure
outflow procedures
improve blood supply from aorta into the femoral artery
inflow procedure
provide blood supply to vessels below the femoral artery
outflow proceduere
if an isolated lesions are identified during the arteriogram
percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
involves thickening of artery walls, which results in a progressive ‘‘narrowing of arteries of the upper and lower extremities’’
PAD / peripheral artery disease
the risk of PAD increases with ____
age
PAD is symptomatic in the ____ to ___ decades of life
6th to 8th
‘large peripheral arteries become narrowed and restricted’ leading to the temporary or permanent reduction of blood flow to tissues
PAD / peripheral artery disease
PAD / peripheral artery disease is commonly caused by _______
atherosclerosis
it is more common in patients with diabetes or hypertension, in those with hyperlipidemia and in those who smoke
peripheral arterial occlusive disease
severe peripheral arterial occlusive disease can lead to
skin ulceration
gangrene
the common area of involvement for vascular disease is _____
lower extremities
give example of intermittent claudication
pain
numbness
weakness while walking
the classic symptom of lower extremity PAD
ischemic muscle pain
‘dye is injected into the affected artery’ enabling an outline of the artery and blockage to be seen in an xray
arteriography
helps to determine the amount of arterial insufficiency
ABI / ankle brachial indext
