LESSON 10 part 1 Flashcards
It is used synonymously with ‘coronary occlusion and heart attack’
Myocardial infarction
Most preferred term of MI
Myocardial Ischemia
An ‘area of the myocardium is destroyed because plaque rupture’ and subsequent thrombus formation result in complete occlusion of the artery
Myocardial Infarction
The causes of MI primarily stem from ____
vascular system
This is the sudden constriction or narrowing of the coronary artery
vasospasm
this occurs from acute blood loss, anemia, or low blood pressure
decreased oxygen supply
The cardinal symptom of MI
chest pain
a rapid heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, or ingestion of cocaine causes what?
Increased demand of oxygen
persistent and crushing substernal pain that may radiate to left arm, jaw, neck, or shoulder blades
chest pain
a result of the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
indigestion
the patient may experience such as coolness in extremities, perspiration, anxiety, and restlenessness
catecholamine responses
there is a ‘reduced blood flow in a coronary artery’, often due to ‘rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, but the artery is not occluded’
unstable angina
ST elevation signifies
myocardial injury
How many days for LDH returns to normal
14 days
isoenzyme in cardiac muscle
CPK-MB
LDH mean
lactate dehydrogenase
these enzymes have increased ‘‘for necrosis and useful in diagnosing postoperative MI
troponins
high white blood cell count
leukocytosis
may be done to DETERMINE DIMENSIONS OF CHAMBERS, septal ventricular motion, ejection fraction, and valve configuration
two-dimensional echocardiogram
evaluate myocardial blood flow and status of myocardial cells
nuclear imaging studies
evaluates specific and general ‘ventricular performance, regional wall motion, and ejection fraction’
cardiac blood imaging
‘visualizes narrowing/occlusion of coronary arteries’ and is usually done in conjunction with measurements of chamber pressures and assessment of left ventricular function
coronary angiography
technique used to visualize ‘status of arterial bypass grafts’ and to detect peripheral artery disease
DSA / Digital Subtraction Angiography
MRI meaning
magnetic resonance imaging
allow visualization of blood flow, cardiac chambers or intraventricular septum, valves, vascular lesions, plaque formations, areas of necrosis/infraction, blood clots
MRI / magnetic resonance imaging
determine cardiovascular response to activity
exercise stress tests
may indicate hypoxia or acute/chronic lung disease processes
abg/pulse oximetry
