LESSON 11 part 1 Flashcards
a clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of ‘fluid overload or of inadequate tissue perfusion’
heart failure
the inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the needs of the tissues for oxygen
heart failure
myocardial disease which there is a problem in the contraction of the heart
heart failure
contraction of the heart
systolic function
filling of the heart
diastolic function
most often progressive, life long condition that is managed with lifestyle changes and medication
heart failure
heart failure is classified in two types:
left sided hf
right sided hf
occurs when the left ventricle cannot pump effectively blood out of the ventricle
pulmonary congestion
when the right ventricle fails, congestion in the peripheral tissues and the viscera predominates
right hf
what stage:patients WITH left ventricular dysfunction but WITHOUT structural heart disease or symptoms
stage b
what stage:patients with REFRACTORY END STAGE heart failure requiring specialized interventions
stage d
what stage: patients AT HIGH risk for developing left ventricular dysfunction but WITHOUT structural heart disease or symptoms of heart failure
stage A
what stage:patients with left ventricular dysfunction of structural disease WITH current or prior symptoms of hf
stage c
results in decreased blood volume being ejected from the ventricle
systolic heart failure
the sympathetic nervous system produces:
epinephrine and norepineprine (neurotransmitters)
it promotes the formation of angiotensin I
renin
angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by __________
ace
the primary cause of heart failure
atherosclerosis
it deprives heart cells of oxygen
ischemia
measures cardiac volume during systole and diastole
heart scan
how many recommended minutes of physical activity everyday
30 mins
block the conversion of angiotensin I at the angiotensin II
angiotensin receptor blockers
'’reduce the adverse effects’’ from the constant stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
beta blockers
used to remove excess extracellular fluid by increasing the rate of urine produced in patients with fluid overload
direutics
used to promote vasodilation and diuresis by decreasing afterload and preload
ace inhibitors
it causes vasodilation, reducing systemic vascular resistance but contraindicated with sytolic HF
calcium channel blockers
recommended sodium diet
2 to 3g per day
an alternative intervention for patients with severe fluid overload
ultrafiltration
recommended for patients with end stage heart failure
cardiac transplant
