LESSON 11 part 1

Question 1

a clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of ‘fluid overload or of inadequate tissue perfusion’

Answer 1

heart failure

Question 2

the inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the needs of the tissues for oxygen

Answer 2

heart failure

Question 3

myocardial disease which there is a problem in the contraction of the heart

Answer 3

heart failure

Question 4

contraction of the heart

Answer 4

systolic function

Question 5

filling of the heart

Answer 5

diastolic function

Question 6

most often progressive, life long condition that is managed with lifestyle changes and medication

Answer 6

heart failure

Question 7

heart failure is classified in two types:

Answer 7

left sided hf
right sided hf

Question 8

occurs when the left ventricle cannot pump effectively blood out of the ventricle

Answer 8

pulmonary congestion

Question 9

when the right ventricle fails, congestion in the peripheral tissues and the viscera predominates

Answer 9

right hf

Question 10

what stage:patients WITH left ventricular dysfunction but WITHOUT structural heart disease or symptoms

Answer 10

stage b

Question 11

what stage:patients with REFRACTORY END STAGE heart failure requiring specialized interventions

Answer 11

stage d

Question 12

what stage: patients AT HIGH risk for developing left ventricular dysfunction but WITHOUT structural heart disease or symptoms of heart failure

Answer 12

stage A

Question 13

what stage:patients with left ventricular dysfunction of structural disease WITH current or prior symptoms of hf

Answer 13

stage c

Question 14

results in decreased blood volume being ejected from the ventricle

Answer 14

systolic heart failure

Question 15

the sympathetic nervous system produces:

Answer 15

epinephrine and norepineprine (neurotransmitters)

Question 16

it promotes the formation of angiotensin I

Answer 16

renin

Question 17

angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by __________

Answer 17

ace

Question 18

the primary cause of heart failure

Answer 18

atherosclerosis

Question 19

it deprives heart cells of oxygen

Answer 19

ischemia

Question 20

measures cardiac volume during systole and diastole

Answer 20

heart scan

Question 21

how many recommended minutes of physical activity everyday

Answer 21

30 mins

Question 22

block the conversion of angiotensin I at the angiotensin II

Answer 22

angiotensin receptor blockers

Question 23

'’reduce the adverse effects’’ from the constant stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 23

beta blockers

Question 24

used to remove excess extracellular fluid by increasing the rate of urine produced in patients with fluid overload

Answer 24

direutics

Question 25

used to promote vasodilation and diuresis by decreasing afterload and preload

Answer 25

ace inhibitors

Question 26

it causes vasodilation, reducing systemic vascular resistance but contraindicated with sytolic HF

Answer 26

calcium channel blockers

Question 27

recommended sodium diet

Answer 27

2 to 3g per day

Question 28

an alternative intervention for patients with severe fluid overload

Answer 28

ultrafiltration

Question 29

recommended for patients with end stage heart failure

Answer 29

cardiac transplant