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Anatomy > Lecture Outline #16: Cranial nerves & endocrine system > Flashcards

Lecture Outline #16: Cranial nerves & endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

5 types of cranial nerves

A

somatic afferent
somatic efferent
visceral afferent
visceral efferent
special sensory afferent

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2
Q

somatic afferent

A

skin, skeletal muscles, joints to the CNS

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3
Q

somatic efferent

A

CNS to skin, skeletal muscles, joints

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4
Q

visceral afferent

A

BVs, gut, lungs to the CNS

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5
Q

visceral efferent

A

CNS to BVs, gut, lungs

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6
Q

special sensory afferent

A

ears, eyes, nose, tongue
CNs I, II,VIII

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7
Q

CN I source

A

up superior & middle conchae through olfactory epithelium

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8
Q

CN V trigeminal neuralgia

A

neuropathic disorder, pressure on the nerve

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9
Q

CN VII Bells palsy

A

injury/infection within facial canal, regional paralysis, tears and smell stop working on that side

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10
Q

CN X dural sinus & type of nerve

A

sigmoid sinus leads to this nerve around jugular foramen, parasympathetic nerve

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11
Q

ANS Organ function

A

balance between sym & para-sym stimulation, only one can be elevated

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12
Q

ANS motor fiber

A

pre-ganglionic fiber - synapse onto autonomic ganglia throughout body
post-ganglionic fiber - synapse onto target organ

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13
Q

sym - fight/flight response

A

mental alertness, increased metabolic, respiratory, and heart rate, stops UG/GI functions and blood supply

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14
Q

sym - thoracolumbar division

A

pre-gang fibers exit from T1-L2 & have NAVLs with them
pre & post gang fibers are similar in length

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15
Q

sympathetic chain ganglia - para-vertebral ganglia

A

segmental autonomic ganglia
located along posterior body wall T1-L2
integrates spinal levels - C6-Co1
MOST pre-gang fibers pass thru chain ganglia
SOME pre-gang fibers synapse @ chain ganglia
SOME post-gang fibers synapse @ chain ganglia
SOME post-gang gibers synapse @ collateral ganglia

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16
Q

collateral ganglia - pre-vertebral ganglia

A

adjunct to chain ganglia, often travel w/gut vasculature

17
Q

sympathetic neurotransmitters

A

pre-gang acetylcholine (AcH) - short-acting, para-sym responses are of short duration, system easily turned off
post-gang norepinephrine (NE) - long-acting, sym responses may be of long duration, system not easily turned off, CN III(pupil size increase), VII, IX (dry mouth)

18
Q

para-sym rest/digest response

A

decreases metabolism, respiratory, & heart rate, activates salivary/digestive glands, increases activity & blood supply of/to UG/GI organs & defecation

19
Q

para-sym - craniosacral division

A

MOST pre-gang fibers bundled w/ CNS III (pupil decrease), VII, IX (increase salivation), X (pudendal n)
SOME pre-gang fibers bundled with S2-4
Pre-gang fibers are longer than post

20
Q

parasympathetic ganglia

A

located at/near targets

21
Q

para
sym - neurotransmitters

A

both pre & post gang fibers utilize AcH

22
Q

time - nt

A

AcH - fast (millisec)
NE - slower (more millisec)

23
Q

duration - nt

A

AcH - short (sec)
NE - long (min)

24
Q

bv - nt

A

AcH - contrict
NE - dilate

25
Q

pupils - nt

A

AcH - contrict
NE - dilate

26
Q

gut - nt

A

AcH - increase activity
NE - decrease activity

27
Q

sympathetic reflexes

A

cardiac, vasomotor, pupil size increase, orgasm

28
Q

parasympathetic reflexes

A

gut motility, defecation, vomiting, swallowing, urination, pupil size decrease, coughing, baroreceptors

29
Q

what effects does AcH have on the heart

A

decrease the rate of contractions

30
Q

homeostasis

A

maintain the status quo - hormone, temp, ph levels constantly go up and down

31
Q

ns instruction to target organ

A

via cranial/peripheral n.s
localized effects on target
short-term effects w/ immediate recovery

32
Q

endocrine s instruction to target organ

A

via chemical messages - hormone via blood supply
widespread, systemic affects
long term effects w/ slow recovery

33
Q

hormone activity

A

endocrine glands have capillary glands
hormones enter blood stream and circulate through body
- broken down in liver or enzymes in blood
- filtered by kidneys - lost thru urine

34
Q

how do hormone alter cellular function

A
  1. penetrate cell & enter nucleus
  2. attach to specific DNA segments
  3. stimulate new protein/enzyme synthesis

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