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Anatomy > Lecture Outline #14 PNS > Flashcards

Lecture Outline #14 PNS Flashcards

1
Q

the neural tube

A

ectoderm folds inward to form a hollow tube. Anterior end swells - hollow brain. Posterior portion - spinal cord & central canal. Both are filled with csf

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2
Q

cortex of spinal cord

A

white matter - myelinated axons

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3
Q

medulla of spinal cord

A

grey matter - cell bodies (unmyelinated axons)

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4
Q

central canal of spinal cord

A

filled w/ csf

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5
Q

dura mater

A

thick, fibrous, outermost layer, endosteum for braincase

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6
Q

epidural space

A

between bone & dura mater, target for epidural block

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7
Q

subdural space

A

space between dura mater & arachnoid

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8
Q

arachnoid

A

thin, intermediate layer, contains large BV’s which are supported by arachnoid trabeculae

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9
Q

subarachnoid space

A

space between arachnoid & pia mater, contains denticulate ligaments, filled with csf, target for spinal tap

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10
Q

pia mater

A

vascular, innermost layer, fused to spinal cord, BV’s form a network on surface of cord

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11
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of meninges (bacteria, virus, injury)

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12
Q

conus medullaris

A

tapered termination of cord

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13
Q

filum terminale

A

fiber extending from conus to coccyx, acts as a tether holding onto the spinal cord to no retraction

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14
Q

posterior median sulcus

A

shallow longitudinal groove

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15
Q

anterior median fissure

A

deep longitudinal groove

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16
Q

cauda equina

A

roots & rootlets, extend off of conus medullaris

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17
Q

dorsal root

A

contains sensory nerves, afferent information going to CNS, contains dorsal root ganglion.

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18
Q

ventral root

A

contains motor neurons (somatic & autonomic), CNS to PNS)

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19
Q

dorsal ramus

A

innervates skin/muscles of back, branches off of spinal nerve, sensory & motor information

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20
Q

ventral ramus

A

innervates skin/muscles of thorax, abdomen, limbs, motor information going out

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21
Q

rami communicantes

A

ANS, visceri, both sensory & motor information. takes a ride of ventral rami

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22
Q

cord diameter variations

A

cervical & lumbar (accommodates a plexus) both have a lot of grey matter

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23
Q

spinal nerve

A

where dorsal & ventral roots meet at intervertebral foramen

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24
Q

cervical nerves

A

C1-C8, named for vertebra below

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25
Q

thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal nerves

A

T1-T12, L1-L5, S1-S5, co1. named for vertebra above

26
Q

dermatomes

A

pieces/segments of innervated skin

27
Q

T4

A

nipples

28
Q

T10

A

umbilicus

29
Q

S2-S4 (pudendal)

A

genitalia

30
Q

referred pain

A

(internal) brain & spinal cord can’t differentiate pains of organs & skin because it uses the same axons to perceive

31
Q

communication steps

A

rami communicantes, ventral rami, CNS to perceive

32
Q

cervical plexus

A

C1-C5, innervates neck muscles, levator scapulae, part of trapezius & SCM

33
Q

phrenic nerve

A

C3-C5 keeps the diaphragm alive (controls contractions)

34
Q

brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

35
Q

axillary nerve

A

C5-C6, actions of deltoid & teres minor

36
Q

radial nerve

A

C5-T1, extensors of arm, forearm, wrist, fingers, and brachioradialis

37
Q

median nerve

A

C5-T1, flexors of wrist & digits 1-3

38
Q

ulnar nerve

A

C8-T1, funny bone(posterior to medial epicondyle), flexor carpi ulnaris & flexors of digits 4-5

39
Q

musculotaneus nerve

A

C5-C7, flexors of the arm & forearm (brachialis & BB)

40
Q

erb’s palsy

A

C4-C6, upper plexus injury

41
Q

klumpke’s palsy

A

lower plexus injury

42
Q

lumbosacral plexus

A

T12-S4

43
Q

gluteal nerve

A

L4-S2, gluteals

44
Q

obturator nerve

A

L2-L4, adductors of thigh

45
Q

pudendal nerve

A

S2-S4, GI?UG sphincters, external genitalia & skin around anus

46
Q

femoral nerve

A

L2-L4, extensors of knee (anterior aspect)

47
Q

tibial nerve

A

semis, bf lh, flexors of ankle & toes

48
Q

fibular nerve common

A

thigh area, bf sh

49
Q

fibular nerve superficialis

A

fibularis muscles

50
Q

fibular nerve deep

A

dorsi-flexors of ankle/toes (tibialis anterior)

51
Q

the sciatic nerve

A

bundle of tibial & common fibular nerve

52
Q

reflexes

A

built in safety mechanism, innate: hardwired or acquired: trauma, experiences.
Processing sites are the brain & spc, spc acts as a brain via interneurons, message is sent to brain.
Motor - somatic or visceral. Contralateral movement - extensor & flexor flip which is contracting

53
Q

reflex arc steps

A
  1. stimulus of the receptor (pain or stretch)
  2. sensory neuron (dorsal root) sends info to CNS
  3. Relays info (sensation relayed to brain & motor nerves)
  4. Motor neuron (ventral root) is activated
  5. Peripheral effectors respond (muscles & glands)
54
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

stroke, blood flow to the brain is interrupted or damaged

55
Q

paralysis

A

loss of motor control

56
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of lower limbs, T6-L1

57
Q

hemiplegia (possible CVA)

A

paralysis of one side of body, right hemisphere will show on the left side, vica versa

58
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all 4 limbs, (C4 or C6)

59
Q

Death

A

break at C3 and above

60
Q

palsy

A

regional loss of sensory/motor function

61
Q

spina bifida & meningomyelocoele

A

malformation of spine & spc, lamina does not completely form
spinal cord goes completely out to skin

Anatomy (16 decks)

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